Bacterial Diversity in a Mine Water Treatment Plant

Heinzel, Elke; Hedrich, Sabrina; Janneck, Eberhard; Glombitza, F.; Seifert, Jana; Schlömann, Michael

doi:10.1128/aem.01045-08

Cited by 74 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…G. ferruginea remains as the only classified species of this genus, although 16S rRNA genes of bacteria occurring in iron-and CO 2 -rich well waters (pH 5.8) have revealed two clades related to, but still distinct from, G. ferruginea (Wagner et al, 2007). In addition, bacteria that appear to be distinct species of Gallionella have been found in clone libraries of DNA extracted from acidic (pH 2.6-3.0) ironrich water bodies Heinzel et al, 2009;Kimura et al, 2011), raising the possibility that acidophilic or acid-tolerant Gallionella spp. exist and await isolation and characterization.…”

Section: Neutrophilic Aerobic Iron-oxidizing Proteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The iron-oxidizing proteobacteria

2011

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The ‘iron bacteria’ are a collection of morphologically and phylogenetically heterogeneous prokaryotes. They include some of the first micro-organisms to be observed and described, and continue to be the subject of a considerable body of fundamental and applied microbiological research. While species of iron-oxidizing bacteria can be found in many different phyla, most are affiliated with the Proteobacteria. The latter can be subdivided into four main physiological groups: (i) acidophilic, aerobic iron oxidizers; (ii) neutrophilic, aerobic iron oxidizers; (iii) neutrophilic, anaerobic (nitrate-dependent) iron oxidizers; and (iv) anaerobic photosynthetic iron oxidizers. Some species (mostly acidophiles) can reduce ferric iron as well as oxidize ferrous iron, depending on prevailing environmental conditions. This review describes what is currently known about the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of the iron-oxidizing proteobacteria, their significance in the environment (on the global and micro scales), and their increasing importance in biotechnology.

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Section: Neutrophilic Aerobic Iron-oxidizing Proteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S2c) . It has also been identified as the major iron-oxidizing bacterium colonizing a pilot-scale mine water treatment plant designed to oxidize and precipitate iron from contaminated ground water (Heinzel et al, 2009). …”

Section: Acidophilic Aerobic Iron-oxidizing Proteobacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The iron-oxidizing proteobacteria

2011

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“…Acidophilic Fe(II) oxidizers Acidithiobacillus spp., Leptospirillum spp., and Ferrovum myxofaciens have all been enriched in both fixed-film and suspended-growth laboratory-scale bioreactors for AMD treatment (39)(40)(41)(42). Natural, mine-impacted microbial communities dominated by Ferrovum myxofaciens and Gallionella-related strains were also enriched in pilot-scale bioreactors (33,43,44).…”

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confidence: 96%

Geochemical and Temporal Influences on the Enrichment of Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities

Sheng

Bibby

Grettenberger

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Two acid mine drainage (AMD) sites in the Appalachian bituminous coal basin were selected to enrich for Fe(II)-oxidizing microbes and measure rates of low-pH Fe(II) oxidation in chemostatic bioreactors. Microbial communities were enriched for 74 to 128 days in fed-batch mode, then switched to flowthrough mode (additional 52 to 138 d) to measure rates of Fe(II) oxidation as a function of pH (2.1 to 4.2) and influent Fe(II) concentration (80 to 2,400 mg/liter). Biofilm samples were collected throughout these operations, and the microbial community structure was analyzed to evaluate impacts of geochemistry and incubation time. Alpha diversity decreased as the pH decreased and as the Fe(II) concentration increased, coincident with conditions that attained the highest rates of Fe(II) oxidation. The distribution of the seven most abundant bacterial genera could be explained by a combination of pH and Fe(II) concentration. Acidithiobacillus, Ferrovum, Gallionella, Leptospirillum, Ferrimicrobium, Acidiphilium, and Acidocella were all found to be restricted within specific bounds of pH and Fe(II) concentration. Temporal distance, defined as the cumulative number of pore volumes from the start of flowthrough mode, appeared to be as important as geochemical conditions in controlling microbial community structure. Both alpha and beta diversities of microbial communities were significantly correlated to temporal distance in the flowthrough experiments. Even after long-term operation under nearly identical geochemical conditions, microbial communities enriched from the different sites remained distinct. While these microbial communities were enriched from sites that displayed markedly different field rates of Fe(II) oxidation, rates of Fe(II) oxidation measured in laboratory bioreactors were essentially the same. These results suggest that the performance of suspended-growth bioreactors for AMD treatment may not be strongly dependent on the inoculum used for reactor startup. IMPORTANCEThis study showed that different microbial communities enriched from two sites maintained distinct microbial community traits inherited from their respective seed materials. Long-term operation (up to 128 days of fed-batch enrichment followed by up to 138 days of flowthrough experiments) of these two systems did not lead to the same, or even more similar, microbial communities. However, these bioreactors did oxidize Fe(II) and remove total iron [Fe(T)] at very similar rates. These results suggest that the performance of suspended-growth bioreactors for AMD treatment may not be strongly dependent on the inoculum used for reactor startup. This would be advantageous, because system performance should be well constrained and predictable for many different sites. N iche models use environmental and geochemical information to explain and predict the composition and diversity of microbial communities. In these models, different geochemical conditions act as key niche parameters controlling microbial community composition. For example, pH (1-4),...

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“…ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. However, very soon after the pilot plant was commissioned these bacteria were present either in very low numbers or were not detected, and bacteria related to "Ferrovum myxofaciens" (a more recently described iron-oxidizing acidophile [30]) and the neutrophilic iron-oxidizer Gallionella ferruginea [31] were the dominant bacteria present ( [28,29]). The pH of the ground water was pH 4.9, but following treatment in the bioreactor this declined to pH 3.0 as a result of iron oxidation and precipitation.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few trials using bacteria to oxidise iron and thereby facilitate the removal of soluble iron from mine waters have gone beyond the laboratory scale. One notable exception is a pilot-scale operation set up and maintained by the German company G.E.O.S., at an opencast lignite mine site at Nochten, eastern Germany [28,29]. Groundwater at the site contains ~630 mg soluble iron per litre (>99% as Fe 2+ ) which is oxidized in a continuous through-flow aerated bioreactor tank containing bacteria which are immobilized on plastic sheets.…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Microbiological Approaches for Securing Mine Wastes and for Recovering Metals from Mine Waters

Johnson

2014

Minerals

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Abstract:Mining of metals and coals generates solid and liquid wastes that are potentially hazardous to the environment. Traditional methods to reduce the production of pollutants from mining and to treat impacted water courses are mostly physico-chemical in nature, though passive remediation of mine waters utilizes reactions that are catalysed by microorganisms. This paper reviews recent advances in biotechnologies that have been proposed both to secure reactive mine tailings and to remediate mine waters. Empirical management of tailings ponds to promote the growth of micro-algae that sustain populations of bacteria that essentially reverse the processes involved in the formation of acid mine drainage has been proposed. Elsewhere, targeted biomineralization has been demonstrated to produce solid products that allow metals present in mine waters to be recovered and recycled, rather than to be disposed of in landfill.

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Bacterial Diversity in a Mine Water Treatment Plant

Cited by 74 publications

References 13 publications

The iron-oxidizing proteobacteria

The iron-oxidizing proteobacteria

Geochemical and Temporal Influences on the Enrichment of Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities

Recent Developments in Microbiological Approaches for Securing Mine Wastes and for Recovering Metals from Mine Waters

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