Bacterial Growth in Human Vitreous Humor

Egger, S.; Buxbaum, Astrid; Georgopoulos, Michael; Scholda, Christoph; Vécsei, V.; Huber-Spitzy, V.; Georgopoulos, A.

doi:10.1006/exer.1997.0385

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All control sample types had a similar microbiome pattern, characterized by organisms found in the corresponding DNA extraction (blank) controls (QIA and UCP) and typical skin inhabitants. We did not identify specific microorganisms for the endophthalmitis-negative patients, similar to previous cultivation-based assessments, suggesting that vitreous fluid is a sterile body part or only contains few microbial cells in individuals without eye infections 35 , 36 . We also did not identify any specific organisms residing in balanced salt solution that was infused into the patient’s eye, in addition to the ones identified in DNA extraction controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genomics-Based Identification of Microorganisms in Human Ocular Body Fluid

Kirstahler

Bjerrum

Friis-Møller

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Advances in genomics have the potential to revolutionize clinical diagnostics. Here, we examine the microbiome of vitreous (intraocular body fluid) from patients who developed endophthalmitis following cataract surgery or intravitreal injection. Endophthalmitis is an inflammation of the intraocular cavity and can lead to a permanent loss of vision. As controls, we included vitreous from endophthalmitis-negative patients, balanced salt solution used during vitrectomy and DNA extraction blanks. We compared two DNA isolation procedures and found that an ultraclean production of reagents appeared to reduce background DNA in these low microbial biomass samples. We created a curated microbial genome database (>5700 genomes) and designed a metagenomics workflow with filtering steps to reduce DNA sequences originating from: (i) human hosts, (ii) ambiguousness/contaminants in public microbial reference genomes and (iii) the environment. Our metagenomic read classification revealed in nearly all cases the same microorganism that was determined in cultivation- and mass spectrometry-based analyses. For some patients, we identified the sequence type of the microorganism and antibiotic resistance genes through analyses of whole genome sequence (WGS) assemblies of isolates and metagenomic assemblies. Together, we conclude that genomics-based analyses of human ocular body fluid specimens can provide actionable information relevant to infectious disease management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Genomics-Based Identification of Microorganisms in Human Ocular Body Fluid

Kirstahler

Bjerrum

Friis-Møller

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…These observations are supported in the present study as no statistically significant difference in postmortem interval could be demonstrated between cases with and without basal vacuolizations ( p = 0.22). The exact role that micro‐organisms play in β‐hydroxybutyrate metabolism after death is unclear; however, it seems that vitreous humor is a relatively protected environment from postmortem microbiological contamination and has an inherent antibacterial capacity in vitro which does not support bacterial growth . Therefore, any potential alterations micro‐organisms may have on β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations would be reduced in vitreous humor compared to blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal Vacuolization in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells at Autopsy and Their Relation to Ketoacidosis

Zhou

Yool

Byard

2017

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Basal vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells is a useful postmortem marker for ketoacidosis. To investigate its incidence and relationship to the severity of ketoacidosis, 158 autopsy cases with elevated β-hydroxybutyrate (>1 mmol/L) over a 7-year-period were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty-eight cases (43%) exhibited basal vacuolizations (vitreous β-hydroxybutyrate: 1.16-29.35 mmol/L, mean 10.28 mmol/L), and 90 cases (57%) did not (vitreous β-hydroxybutyrate: 1.03-13.7 mmol/L, mean 2.84 mmol/L). Quantitative analysis revealed on average a fourfold elevation in β-hydroxybutyrate in cases with basal vacuolizations compared to those without; 10.3% of cases with β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations between 1.01 and 2.00 mmol/L had basal vacuolizations, and this incidence increased to 33.3% with concentrations between 4.01 and 6.00 mmol/L. A marked increase in incidence to >70% was observed with concentrations >6.00 mmol/L, and basal vacuoles were invariably present (100%) with concentrations >14.01 mmol/L. This study demonstrates that basal vacuolizations are a sensitive marker for significant ketoacidosis and reaffirms its use as an indicator for likely cases of fatal ketoacidosis at autopsy.

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“…VH is relatively inert and only slightly influenced by sudden fluctuations in the blood chemistry [9]. The isolate nature of VH, compared to blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), and its resistance to microbiological contamination with bacterial degradation [5,6,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] makes VH a very suitable medium for post-mortem biochemical investigation [13][14][15][16][17]. Moreover, its composition is more stable and less affected by post-mortem changes than CSF [14,21,22] or blood [5,6,10,14,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitreous Humor: A Short Review on Post-mortem Applications

J¹

2015

J Clin Exp Pathol

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Vitreous humor has been investigated since the 1960s, with many debates occurring over the years with regard to the usefulness of its specific applications. The composition of several electrolytes in post-mortem vitreous humour has been extensively studied. Using the fluid for determining the cause of death has also become commonplace, including testing glucose levels of diabetic related deaths, as well as alcohol and drug related fatalities. The debate regarding the composition between two eyes of the same individual has been an issue in the past, but has since been resolved.

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Bacterial Growth in Human Vitreous Humor

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Genomics-Based Identification of Microorganisms in Human Ocular Body Fluid

Genomics-Based Identification of Microorganisms in Human Ocular Body Fluid

Basal Vacuolization in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells at Autopsy and Their Relation to Ketoacidosis

Vitreous Humor: A Short Review on Post-mortem Applications

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