“…Another factor influencing microbial inactivation by HPH is represented by valve geometry. Most of the above reported experiments were carried out by Emulsiflex (Diels et al, 2003, 2004and 2005Kheadr et al, 2002;Moroni et al, 2002;Tahiri et al, 2006;Vachon et al, 2002;Wuytack et al, 2002) or Niro-Soavi homogenisers (Guerzoni et al, 1999 andLanciotti et al, 1994Lanciotti et al, , 1996Lanciotti et al, , 2004aLanciotti et al, , 2004bLanciotti et al, , 2006Vannini et al, 2004) or APV Gaulin (Wong et al, 1997), all characterized by a narrow channel (gap) between the valve piston and seat, from which the fluid emerges as a radial jet that impinges on an impact ring. Reducing the gap space increases the inlet homogenizer pressure upstream of the valve.…”