Bacterial Infections of Nonhuman Primates

McClure, Harold M.; Brodie, Anne R.; Anderson, Daniel C.; Swenson, R B

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4918-4_43

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Salmonella is a classical zoonosis, with food contamination being the main transmission route, and is commonly associated with enterocolitis under stressful situations (McClure 1980 ;Scott 1992 ;Ketz-Riley 2003 ).…”

Section: Enterobacterial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most acute outbreaks of respiratory disease are multifactorial, produced by the combined action of two or more bacterial agents, and/or bacteria-virus associations (McClure 1980 ;Wallach and Boever 1983 ;Butler et al 1996 ;Osborn and Lowenstine 1998 ;Petit and Gosi 2002 ;Joslin 2003 ). The most common agents of respiratory disease identifi ed in New World monkeys are Staphylococcus ( S. aureus, S xylosus ) , Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella haemolyitica, Haemophilus sp ., Pneumococus sp ., Proteus mirabilis, and Citrobacter freundii (Osborn and Lowenstine 1998 ).…”

Section: Bacterial Diseases Of the Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health and Welfare of Howler Monkeys in Captivity

Pastor-Nieto¹

2014

Howler Monkeys

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Among platyrrhines, howler monkeys are commonly traded illegally as pets in Central and South America, resulting in the high mortality of specimens. Many of these animals end up in long-term captive situations in zoos and rehabilitation centers, where adaptation may be diffi cult. Careful husbandry planning, taking into account the animals' behavioral, anatomical, and evolutionary characteristics, can greatly improve survivability. This chapter aims to provide information on howler monkey welfare in captivity, including enclosure design, environmental enrichment, feeding and nutrition, and diseases, based upon the biology and ecology of the species. Digestive physiology, behavioral ecology, and the social system of howler monkeys are major factors to take into account to provide adequate captive conditions. Aspects such as social integration, controlled temperature, indoor and outdoor enclosures, and hiding places should be met. The provision of foraging plants within the enclosure is ideal to stimulate natural feeding behavior. Behavioral enrichment measures need to be devised to prevent behavioral disorders. For successfully maintaining howler monkeys in captivity, animals should be trained to consume a wide variety of natural fi ber sources. Special attention should be placed on quantities of food sources rich in gluten and other allergenic proteins. Acute and chronic syndromes such as gastric dilatation, howler monkey wasting disease, and metabolic bone disease can be prevented when provided adequate diets. Many diseases may be acquired in the wild. However, other infectious diseases (viral, bacterial, and parasitic) are concomitant to stress and improper management. Very few studies have been carried out in captive howler populations to fully understand the husbandry and care requirements. Although howlers are very adaptive in nature and although it is a genus widely distributed throughout Central and South America, they are susceptible to many diseases that might threaten their population in the wild. Achieving a better knowledge of these factors in captivity may contribute to the development of healthy captive populations for future reintroductions to the wild.

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Section: Enterobacterial Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bacterial Diseases Of the Respiratory Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Welfare of Howler Monkeys in Captivity

Pastor-Nieto¹

2014

Howler Monkeys

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“…Classically, the histological appearance of simian tuberculous lesions has been described as containing few or no Langhans' giant cells, with absence of calcification and fibrosis (57). However, McClure has noted all of these microscopic features in some chimpanzees and macaques with M. tuberculosis infections (36).…”

Section: Clinical and Pathological Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in zoo and wildlife species

Montali

Mikota

Cheng

2001

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

154

104

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“…Respiratory infections due to P. multocida have been described in other simians (Good & MAY, 1971;KALTER, 1989;MCCLURE et al, 1986) and air sacculitis has been reported in baboons. In one case it was due to P. multocida (GROSS, 1978) while in the other it was apparently associated with an anaerobe (LEwls et al, 1975).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It has also been isolated from orangutans (MCCLURE et al, 1986), chimpanzees (STROBERT & SWENSON, 1979), and a baboon (GROSS, 1978). Because its presence can compromise animal health and experimental results, we undertook to discover what kinds of diseases are associated with P. multocida infection and to determine whether the bacterium is harbored naturally in the oropharyngeal flora of nonhuman primates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasteurella multocida infections in baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

Bronsdon

1993

Primates

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ABSTRACT. The respiratory pathogen Pasteurella multocida was isolated from infections of the laryngeal air sacs of two baboons and from abscesses in the neck or femoral area of two other baboons. The infections were associated with surgical procedures involving the cervical area, chronic catheterization, and chair restraint. The organism was also detected among the commensal pharyngeal flora in 2 of 15 clinically healthy, wildborn adult baboons. These findings suggest that the organism is harbored naturally in baboons and that exudative infections can occur secondary to specific procedures.

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Bacterial Infections of Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 27 publications

References 87 publications

Health and Welfare of Howler Monkeys in Captivity

Health and Welfare of Howler Monkeys in Captivity

Mycobacterium tuberculosis in zoo and wildlife species

Pasteurella multocida infections in baboons (Papio cynocephalus)

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