Bacterial Isolates and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Sterile Body Fluids from Tertiary Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

This study was conducted in Ayder comprehensive specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia, to determine the bacterial profiles and drug susceptibility pattern from body fluids. A total of 218 patients were investigated, of which 146 (67%) were males. The age of the study subjects ranged from 2 days to 80 years with 96(44%) in the age group of 15 years and above. The overall bacterial infection was 44 (20.2 %) of which gram positive bacteria were prevalent, 23 (52.3%) than gram negative bacteria 21 (47.7%). The predominantly isolated bacteria were S. pneumonia, followed by K.pneumoniae, S. aureus, and E coli. Multidrug resistance was observed in 12 (100%) of the isolated gram positive bacteria and in 6 (75%) of the isolated gram negative bacteria.

Major bacterial isolate and antibiotic resistance from routine clinical samples in Southern Ethiopia

“…According to this study, the major bacterial isolate in bloodstream infection among children is CoNS and K. pneumoniae which is similar to our previous report 38 and with others finding at northern 39 and central Ethiopia 40 – 42 . Nearly similar to a study in Egypt, Gabon and Zimbabwe where CoNS , E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the major isolates in bloodstream infection 43 – 45 .…”

“…Nearly similar to a study in Egypt, Gabon and Zimbabwe where CoNS , E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the major isolates in bloodstream infection 43 – 45 . In our finding, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae are the major bacteria isolated from CSF unlike others report 5 , 38 , 41 , 46 . On the other hand, study from Tanzania has reported that S. aureus was the main pathogen in bloodstream infection unlike our finding 47 .…”

“…Unlike our previous report, where N. meningitis and E. coli were the pre dominant isolate in CSF 38 , in this study P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae were the leading isolate. In this study the highest number of bacterial infection were documented in neonates which shows that newborns might be at higher risk of bacterial infection.…”

The Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns: A Nine-Year Retrospective Study at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana

“…Microbial agents that are associated with bloodstream infections may be modified via antibiotic administration and other factors specific to the patients such as surgical procedures, trauma, or underlying conditions, or by the quality of specimen collection, transport, and culture [46]. Reports of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in body fluids are well documented in the literature worldwide and in the African settings but with varying outcomes [46, 47].…”

“…Microbial agents that are associated with bloodstream infections may be modified via antibiotic administration and other factors specific to the patients such as surgical procedures, trauma, or underlying conditions, or by the quality of specimen collection, transport, and culture [46]. Reports of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates in body fluids are well documented in the literature worldwide and in the African settings but with varying outcomes [46, 47]. In the present study, the bacterial isolates demonstrated varying resistance patterns to antibiotics ranging from low resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones (54/349 (15.5%)) and aminoglycosides (232/747 (31.1%)); moderate resistance to macrolides (149/357 (41.7%)) and cephalosporins (346/689 (50.2%)); and high resistance to tetracyclines (390/531 (73.4%)), penicillins (1282/1669 (76.8%)), and sulphonamides (450/499 (90.2%)).…”