Bacterial Pathogens and Indicators in Poultry Litter during Re-Utilization

Kelley, Timothy; Pancorbo, Oscar C.; Merka, William C.; Thompson, Shelby; Cabrera, M. L.; Barnhart, Harold M.

doi:10.1093/japr/4.4.366

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Many other genera have also been found in poultry processing waste such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Yersinia (Goyal and Hoadley, 1979;Dodd et al, 1988;Barnhart and Pancorbo, 1992;Bongers et al, 1995;Corpet, 1996;Kolawole and Shittu, 1997). Yersinia enterocolitica has been isolated from poultry litter during litter storage and reutilization (Kelley et al, 1994(Kelley et al, , 1995. Campylobacter jejuni has also been isolated from poultry litter and is an emerging agent of foodborne enteritis in humans (Shane, 1991;Kelley et al, 1994Kelley et al, , 1995Koenraad et al, 1995).…”

Section: Screening and Identification Of Microorganisms In Poultry LImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yersinia enterocolitica has been isolated from poultry litter during litter storage and reutilization (Kelley et al, 1994(Kelley et al, , 1995. Campylobacter jejuni has also been isolated from poultry litter and is an emerging agent of foodborne enteritis in humans (Shane, 1991;Kelley et al, 1994Kelley et al, , 1995Koenraad et al, 1995).…”

Section: Screening and Identification Of Microorganisms In Poultry LImentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on acquisition of bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants in poultry litter

et al. 2009

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Antibiotic resistance and the mode of transmission were investigated in bacteria isolated from poultry litter. Total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were screened and identified for their resistance to different antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tobramycin, and rifampicin. The distribution of bacteria found in the litter was Staphylococcus (29.1%), which was the predominant group, followed by Streptococcus (25%), Micrococcus (20.8%), Escherichia coli (12.5%), Salmonella (8.3%), and Aeromonas (4.1%). Fifty percent of these isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, 57% to erythromycin, 25% to tetracycline, 4% to chloramphenicol, 40% to kanamycin, 75% to streptomycin, 54% to tobramycin, and 4% to rifampicin. Three randomly selected isolates representing Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Micrococcus were examined for plasmids, and plasmid-curing and plasmid-induced transformation studies were conducted. Streptococcus and Micrococcus harbored a plasmid of 4.2 and 5.1 kb, respectively, whereas Staphylococcus did not harbor any plasmids. Plasmids were cured in Streptococcus and Micrococcus at a concentration of 75 and 100 microg/ mL of acridine orange, respectively, and transformation of 4.2- and 5.1-kb plasmids isolated from the Streptococcus and Micrococcus to plasmid-free E. coli DH5alpha strain was possible. In conjugation experiments, the antibiotic resistance profiles of transconjugant cells were found to be the same as the donors with the exception of Staphylococcus. The results of this study suggest that transformation and conjugation could be an important mechanism for horizontal gene transfer between bacteria in poultry litter. An understanding of the mechanism and magnitude of resistance gene transfer may provide a strategy to reduce the potential for dissemination of these genes.

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Section: Screening and Identification Of Microorganisms In Poultry LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Screening and Identification Of Microorganisms In Poultry LImentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on acquisition of bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants in poultry litter

et al. 2009

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“…Several studies have documented poultry litter as a potential reservoir for MAR bacteria [13,14,15]. Resistant bacteria and associated genes can persist over a long period of time in poultry litter and be subsequently released into the environment upon subsequent application of the litter as a fertilizer [13,16,17]. When poultry litter is used as a fertilizer or soil conditioner, multi-resistant bacteria can find their way into surface and ground waters via runoff or seepage, especially in areas where precipitation is plentiful [13,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Furtula

Jackson

Farrell

et al. 2013

IJERPH

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Enterococcus spp. from two poultry farms and proximate surface and ground water sites in an area of intensive poultry production were tested for resistance to 16 clinical antibiotics. Resistance patterns were compared to assess trends and possible correlations for specific antimicrobials and levels of resistance. Enterococci were detected at all 12 surface water sites and three of 28 ground water sites. Resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline, penicillin and ciprofloxacin in poultry litter isolates was high (80.3%, 65.3%, 61.1% and 49.6%, respectively). Resistance in the surface water to the same antibiotics was 87.1%, 24.1%, 7.6% and 12.9%, respectively. Overall, 86% of litter isolates, 58% of surface water isolates and 100% of ground water isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Fifty-four different resistance patterns were recognised in isolates obtained from litter and environmental samples and several E. faecium and E. faecalis isolates from litter and environment samples shared the same resistance pattern. Multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) indices calculated to assess health risks due to the presence of resistant enterococci suggested an increased presence of antibiotics in surface water, likely from poultry sources as no other wastewater contributions in the area were documented.

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“…However, too much litter (e.g., in excess of nutrient management plan requirements) or improper application (e.g., just prior to rainfall events) can cause runoff of litter constituents and lead to eutrophication of receiving waters (32,41). Poultry litter also contains heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn (12,19,26,30,31), obligate and opportunistic pathogens, such as Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains such as O157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium perfringens, and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as E. coli and enterococci (21,28). Studies have shown these metals and bacteria can be transported from agricultural fields on which litter has been applied to receiving waters (3,29,31,44), and quantities can exceed 56% of applied NH 3 -N and 10% of applied total phosphorus (11,12,15,20).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Quantitative PCR for a Poultry-Specific Brevibacterium Marker Gene with Bacterial and Chemical Indicators of Water Pollution in a Watershed Impacted by Land Application of Poultry Litter

Weidhaas¹,

Macbeth²,

Olsen³

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The impact of fecal contamination from human and agricultural animal waste on water quality is a major public health concern. Identification of the dominant source(s) of fecal pollution in a watershed is necessary for assessing the safety of recreational water and protecting water resources. A field study was conducted using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the 16S rRNA gene of Brevibacterium sp. LA35 to track feces-contaminated poultry litter in environmental samples. Based on sensitivity and specificity characteristics of the qPCR method, the Bayesian conditional probability that detection of the LA35 marker gene in a water sample represented a true-positive result was 93%. The marker's covariance with fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and metals associated with poultry litter was also assessed in litter, runoff, surface water, and groundwater samples. LA35 was detected in water and soil samples collected throughout the watershed, and its concentration covaried with concentrations of Escherichia coli, enterococci, As, Cu, P, and Zn. Significantly greater concentrations of FIB, As, Cu, P, and Zn were observed in edge-of-field runoff samples in which LA35 was detected, compared to samples in which it was not detected. Furthermore, As, Cu, P, and Zn concentrations covaried in environmental samples in which LA35 was detected and typically did not in samples in which the marker gene was not detected. The covariance of the poultry-specific LA35 marker gene with these known contaminants from poultry feces provides further evidence that it is a useful tool for assessing the impact of poultry-derived fecal pollution in environmental waters.

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Bacterial Pathogens and Indicators in Poultry Litter during Re-Utilization

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Study on acquisition of bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants in poultry litter

Study on acquisition of bacterial antibiotic resistance determinants in poultry litter

Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Environmental Samples in an Area of Intensive Poultry Production

Correlation of Quantitative PCR for a Poultry-Specific Brevibacterium Marker Gene with Bacterial and Chemical Indicators of Water Pollution in a Watershed Impacted by Land Application of Poultry Litter

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