Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates Recovered from Lower Respiratory Tract Infection for Patients in Rizgary Hospital, Erbil

Chawsheen, Mahmoud A.; Al-Naqshbandi, Ahmed A.; Abdulqader, Haval H.

doi:10.14500/aro.10724

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These results indicate that multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were associated with the identified pathogens and may play a negative role in chronic wound infection. These findings come in agreement with previous studies of ours that confirmed the existence of MDR bacteria among patients identified with urinary tract and lower respiratory tract infections (Al-Naqshbandi, et al, 2019;Chawsheen, et al, 2020;Abbas and Owaid, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Categorization of Bacterial Pathogens Present in Infected Wounds and their Antibiotic Resistance Profile Recovered from Patients Attending Rizgary Hospital-Erbil

Al-Naqshbandi¹,

Hassan

Chawsheen

et al. 2021

ARO

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Wound infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria can extend a patients’ debility and increase the expense of treatment in the long term; therefore, careful management of patients with wound infections is necessary to avoid complications. The usage of antimicrobial agent is a major factor in resistance development. This study aims to understand the causes of wound infections, as well as the criteria for diagnosing them for more sensible antibiotic prescribing. Samples from 269 wound patients were collected, and cultured for bacterial growth. Gram stain technique, bacterial identification via VITEK 2 compact system were investigated in this study. Gram negative bacteria accounted for 59.15% of the total isolates, while pathogenic gram positive bacteria accounted for 40.85% of total isolates. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the dominant pathogenic gram negative bacteria in wounds, while Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the dominant pathogenic gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed 100% resistance to the majority of antibiotic tested, including Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Aztreona, Ceftriaxone, and others. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are 100% resistant to Ampicillin, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime. For more efficient antibiotic prescriptions, the causative microorganisms, and their current susceptibility patterns need to be mandated for testing before prescribing any antibiotics to patients. Prescriptions are frequently based solely on general information about the antibiotic's function, rather than on individual response variation to the pathogen and the antibiotic. Particularly when the common pathogens in this study show multidrug resistance in wounds.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Categorization of Bacterial Pathogens Present in Infected Wounds and their Antibiotic Resistance Profile Recovered from Patients Attending Rizgary Hospital-Erbil

Al-Naqshbandi¹,

Hassan

Chawsheen

et al. 2021

ARO

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“…We used AMP in our experiments because typically, it is effective against both GPB and GNB. Unfortunately, there is growing evidence suggesting that AMP globally become less effective nowadays in eradicating different types of pathogenic bacteria, which is mainly due to the emergence of AMR in these bacteria as a consequence of excessive use of this drug (Katzung and Trevor, 2012;Krzyżaniak, Pawłowska and Bajorek, 2016;Chawsheen, AL-Naqshbandi and Abdulqader, 2020;Al-Naqshbandi, et al, 2021). In our experiments, bacteria were treated with Ag NPs, AMP, and their combinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Laser Produced Silver Nanoparticles in Reversing Antibiotic Resistance in Some MultidrugResistant Pathogenic Bacteria

Hamad

Chawsheen²,

Al-Naqshbandi³

2022

ARO

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Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were produced through nanosecond laser in deionized water. These nanoparticles were characterized by UV–VIS spectrometer and transmission electron microscopy. VITEK®2 compact system was used to identify Escherichia coli (ESBL strain) and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA strain) as multidrug-resistance (MDR) bacteria. The antibacterial activity of Ag NPs, ampicillin (AMP), and their combinations was tested against both bacterial isolates through standard microbiological culturing techniques. Our data show that both of E. coli and S. aureus were highly resistant to AMP. Ag NPs alone reduced growth in both bacterial isolates considerably. Growth declined drastically in both bacteria when AMP was used in combination with Ag NPs. The minimal inhibitory concentration of combined agents for E. coli was 20 µg/ml Ag NPs + 1 mg AMP/ml and for S. aureus was 10 µg/ml Ag NPs + 1 mg AMP/ml. The results show that the Ag NPs have great potentials in enhancing the antimicrobial activities of drugs that used to be ineffective against MDR bacteria. Administering combinations of antibiotic(s) with AgNPs may help in treating patients suffering from infections caused by MDR bacteria. Further in vivo and in vitro investigations are required to evaluate the side effects of these combinations.

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Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Iraq

Al-Fahad,

Alpofead,

Chawsheen

et al. 2024

ARO

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) generates serious negative impacts on health-care systems worldwide, and Iraq is not an exception. To uncover the prevalence of AMR and to visualize the magnitude of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) dilemma in Iraqi hospitals, this study is carried out. A total of 11592 clinical records from ten different health-care facilities in seven Iraqi provinces are collected and analyzed. Our data show that 4984 (43.0%) of all clinical samples are negative for bacterial growth. In adults, Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) represented 48.9% and Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) represented 51.1% of clinical isolates; in children, GNB represented 60.8% and GPB represented 39.2%. Furthermore, in adults, Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (40.8%) are among the most common GNB and GPB isolates, respectively. In children, K. pneumoniae (37.9%) and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (41.8%) are the most common GNB and GPB, respectively. Adults’ samples showed that Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were the most resistant GNB; S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are among the most resistant GPB. In children, K. pneumoniae is found to be the most resistant GNB. This study confirms the persistence of antimicrobial resistance and multidrug-resistant gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in adults and children alike. Ampicillin and oxacillin have been recognized as ineffective drugs in adults, and ampicillin, nafcillin, cefoxitin, and benzylpenicillin have been found to be highly resisted by pathogenic bacteria in children. The outcomes confirm the necessity of conducting AMR surveillance on a regular basis and establishing national antibiotic prescription guidelines to manage AMR development in Iraq.

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Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates Recovered from Lower Respiratory Tract Infection for Patients in Rizgary Hospital, Erbil

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Categorization of Bacterial Pathogens Present in Infected Wounds and their Antibiotic Resistance Profile Recovered from Patients Attending Rizgary Hospital-Erbil

Categorization of Bacterial Pathogens Present in Infected Wounds and their Antibiotic Resistance Profile Recovered from Patients Attending Rizgary Hospital-Erbil

Role of Laser Produced Silver Nanoparticles in Reversing Antibiotic Resistance in Some MultidrugResistant Pathogenic Bacteria

Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Iraq

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