Bacterial Seed Inoculation and Row Spacing Affect the Nutritional Composition and Agronomic Performance of Soybean

Effect of planting density and row spacing on the yielding of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill)

“…Kahlon et al (2018) found that the pod number per soybean plant enhances the soybean yield, whereas, according to Ball et al (2001), it decreases significantly with an increasing planting density. Also, Flajšman et al (2019) found a significant positive correlation between the seed yield and the pod number per plant, which, in our research, was significantly diversified by both the row spacing and the planting density (Table 4). However, only with lower row spacing, a significantly higher pod number was recorded than with wider row spacing when applying the lowest planting density planned (70 plants per 1 m 2 ).…”

“…For example, Devlin et al (1995) stated that under high efficiency, maximum seed yields were higher with lower (8-12 inches), than with higher (24-30 inches) row spacing. Flajšman et al (2019) reported higher seed yields after applying 12.5 cm and 25 cm spacing between rows than with 37.5 cm, while Kocjan Ačko and Trdan (2008) obtained better results at a higher width between rows (50 cm) than at 15 cm. Dima (2017) found a high variability in the soybean yield in Romania, resulting, above all, from diversified environmental conditions, and less considerably from the row spacing, which is also confirmed by the results of our research.…”

“…The right row spacing in soybean can be of key importance for the plants competing for water, nutrients and sunlight, as well as for photosynthesis and biomass production . According to Flajšman et al (2019), the space between rows shows a visible effect on the soybean yield, yet with lower row spacing, the seed yield is significantly higher than with higher row spacing (Kocjan Ačko and Trdan 2008). Holshouser and Whittaker (2002) found that narrowing row spacing increases the seed yield and the LAI value.…”

Reaction of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria

“…The tested cultivars had significantly different content of total protein and crude fat in seeds and the yield of both of these 2018) reported that commercial preparations effectively increased soybean nodulation, which resulted in an increase in protein content in seeds and protein yield compared to control. Flajšman et al (2019) also obtained a beneficial effect of inoculation on the increase of total protein content in soybean seeds and seed, protein and fat yield. Zimmer et al (2016) stated that the use of commercial bacterial strain in soybean cultivation was justified.…”

“…This treatment is particularly recommended when native strains of symbiotic bacteria are not present in the soil, or there are too few of them (Zimmer et al 2016). A good solution, in this case, may be the purchase for sowing material industrially inoculated with symbiotic bacteria (Flajšman et al 2019) or the purchase of a commercial inoculant and its application on seeds (…”