Coumarin is a plant secondary metabolite responsible for the health-promoting properties of the Melilotus officinalis herb used in traditional medicine in the treatment of lymphedema and chronic venous diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the possibility of honey enrichment with coumarin derived from sweet clover (Melilotus) in two different ways: herb honey and herb-infused honey production. Herb honey was obtained by feeding bees with sugar syrup enriched with a M. officinalis herb water infusion, whereas herbal macerates in multifloral honey were prepared with crushed flowers (fresh and dried) of M. officinalis and Melilotus albus at 20 °C in dark place for 6 months. Melilotus albus nectar honey (n = 14) was used as control. Using HPLC analysis, the highest content of coumarin (from 41.33 to 137.89 mg/kg) and its precursor o-coumaric acid (from 6.57 to 25.15 mg/kg) in M. officinalis flowers-infused honey were found. Herb honey contains 4.48 mg/kg coumarin and for the first time, this compound was determined in nectar honey from Polish M. albus honey (0.05 to 0.88 mg/kg). The addition of Melilotus flowers enhanced antioxidant activity (measured by FRAP, DPPH and PCL methods) of infused-honey in comparison to multifloral honey (control) and herb honey. The coumarin and o-coumaric acid were weakly correlated with antioxidant activity. It was found that only herb-infused honey can be proposed as the natural safe remedy for venous diseases prevention.

Soybean yields can be considerably improved by inoculation with selected Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains and foliar fertilization. An exact field experiment was carried out in 2012-2014 at the Experimental Station of Cultivar Assessment in Przecław, Poland. The test plant was soybean cv. Aldana. The experimental factors were: bacterial inoculant Nitragina (Bradyrhizobium japonicum); foliar fertilization with Mikrokomplex; combined applications Nitragina + Mikrokomplex and the control treatment. Significant effect of Nitragina on an increase in the number of plants prior to harvest, plant height and the number of pods per plant was indicated. Fertilization with Mikrokomplex caused an increase in the number of pods per plant and thousand seed weight. Nitragina + Mikrokomplex increased the number of plants prior to harvest, plant height, the number of pods per plant and thousand seed weight. Seed yield was significantly higher in all the treatments compared to the control (2.31 t/ha). Higher soil plant analysis development values were found after the application of Nitragina + Mikrokomplex, and in the stage of pod development, also after foliar fertilization with Mikrokomplex. Application of Nitragina and Nitragina + Mikrokomplex resulted in an increase in leaf area index and mean tip angle and total protein in seeds. Fe content in seeds was the lowest in the control (69.2 mg/kg) and significantly higher in the other treatments (Nitragina, Nitragina + Mikrokomplex), and Mg content significantly increased after the application of Mikrokomplex and Nitragina + Mikrokomplex.

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In the seasons 2012/2013-2014/2015 an experiment was conducted in the fields of the Experimental Station Variety Examination in Przecław. The evaluated factors were as follows: (A)-sowing time (early, optimal, delayed) and (B)-Polish winter varieties of false flax (Maczuga, Luna, Przybrodzka). The study showed that early sowing time contributed to the lengthening of the vegetation period of plants, especially in relation to delayed sowing date. During the winter, the plant losses amounted on average to 11.3 pcs.•m-2. The highest plant density before harvest was recorded in the plots of the optimal sowing date. The early sowing time contributed to the increase in the value of SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) and the number of silicles per plant as well as seed yield. Sowing the seeds in the optimal time was increased lodging while delayed caused an increase in the MTA (Mean Tip Angle) and LAI (Leaf Area Index) index and plant height as well as the number of seeds per silicle. The thousand seeds weight was 0.85 g and was not significantly modified by experimental factors. The varieties were differed in most of the studied traits, including yield seeds. The results of the research carried out indicate that in the area of the research, the best time sowing the seeds of winter false flax is the first decade of September.