Bacterial septicemia in water snakes (Helicops modestus) in Brazil

Salmonella Associated with Snakes (Suborder Serpentes)

“…This becomes particularly relevant for snakes in captivity, where the concentration of bacteria may become high depending on the maintenance routine and the characteristics of their tank or artificial lake. There is a case report of fatal bacterial sepsis in Water Snakes (Helicops modestus) in which the lack of flowing water was considered a contributing factor for the contamination of the cages with Proteus vulgaris (Coutinho et al, 2001). …”

Antibiotic stewardship for reptiles

“…Bacteria which have been isolated from cases of sepsis in snakes include Salmonella enterica, Enterobacter cloacae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas and Proteus (Esterabadi et al 1973, Soveri 1984, Coutinho et al 2001, Abba et al 2016. In lizards, bacteria include Streptococcal spp.…”