Bacterial Short Chain Fatty Acids: Their Role in Gastrointestinal Disease

Ramakrishna, B. S.; Roediger, W. E. W.

doi:10.1159/000171266

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, we did not document an increase in the quantity of bacteria and SCFA excreted in the stools. Thus, it is difficult to find only one explanation for the beneficial effect of Rice-ORS: one explanation would be that rice increased the local colonic concentration of SCFA, which in turn stimulated water absorption and reduced stool output (Argenzio and Whipp, 1979;Roediger and Moore, 1981;Binder and Mehta, 1989;Ramakrishna and Roediger, 1990). Alternatively, stool output may have been reduced by another mechanism as suggested in previous studies (Macleod et al, 1995;Mathews et al, 1999;Dutta et al, 2000;Murphy et al, 2004;Gregorio et al, 2009), which in turn may have increased the SCFA concentration in the stools.…”

Section: Faecal Scfas and Microbiota In Children S Monira Et Almentioning

confidence: 94%

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

et al. 2010

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Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) liberated by fermentation of complex carbohydrates might stimulate water and salt absorption, and provide energy. The aim of the study was to assess the number and proportion of faecal bacteria and the concentration of SCFAs of severely malnourished children with cholera receiving oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing glucose, amylase-resistant starch (ARS) or rice. Methods: Serial faecal samples were collected from 30 malnourished children with cholera until rehydration and partial nutritional recovery. SCFAs were identified and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. In situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry was used to analyse the microbiota in the faeces. Results: Before treatment the concentration of total SCFA in faecal sample of cholera children was found to be 4.7±0.6 mmol/kg and it increased steadily until 95.0 ± 8.7 mmol/kg at day 28. Among different ORS groups, concentration was significantly higher in the Rice-ORS group at day 1 (Po0.011) and at day 2 (Po0.025). During recovery faecal output was significantly reduced and the number of bacteria also increased faster in the Rice-ORS group than in the glucose-ORS group at day 1 and day 2 (Po0.01), and a modest increase in bacterial number was observed in the glucose-ORS plus ARS group (day 1, P ¼ 0.07; day 2, P ¼ 0.09). Conclusion: Clinical recovery was associated with an increase in bacterial and SCFA concentrations with all three carbohydrates in ORS. However, the increases were significantly higher in children receiving Rice-ORS.

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Section: Faecal Scfas and Microbiota In Children S Monira Et Almentioning

confidence: 94%

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

et al. 2010

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“…Some of these bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate, which is a source of energy for colonic enterocytes and ameliorates inflammation. 7 Therefore, shifts in the population of certain beneficial or harmful gut bacteria in patients with IBD may result in potentiation or suppression of the disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in Crohnʼs disease patients as revealed by a custom phylogenetic microarray

Kang

Denman

Morrison

et al. 2010

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

320

224

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The microarray detected differences in abundance of bacterial populations within the phylum Firmicutes that had been reported previously for the same samples based on phylogenetic analysis of metagenomic clone libraries. In addition, the microarray showed that Enterococcus sp. was in higher abundance in the CD patients. This microarray should be another useful tool to examine the diversity and abundance of human intestinal microbiota.

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“…Addition of RS to oral rehydration therapies was suggested due to the ion absorption properties of increased SCFA. Patients with cholera fed HAMRS2 experienced shortened duration of diarrhea and reduced fecal fluid loss [81]. This is thought to be due to increased SCFAs, particularly butyrate, in the colon which stimulate sodium and water absorption by the colon [82][83][84][85].…”

Section: Bowel Inflammatory and Diarrheal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Resistant Starch Intake in Humans

Sweat¹

2016

F Nutr Reprt

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Due to the rise in obesity and obesity-related conditions, there is growing commercial and public interest in foods and food components that promote health and lower risk of chronic metabolic diseases. Resistant starch (RS) is a non-viscous fermentable fiber that has beneficial metabolic effects on glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and colon health in humans. While the mechanism behind the effects of RS are unclear, the benefits are thought to result from fermentation of RS in the large bowel by colonic bacteria resulting in a more favorable gut microbial composition and increased concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Evidence indicates that RS may result in increased colonic bacterial species Ruminococcus bromii (R. bromii), and in phylum level changes in Bacteriodetes and Fermicutes. The increase in SCFAs has been shown to potentially play a role in lowering gut pH to improve health, contribute to appetite control and reduced adipose tissue lipolysis; and reduce postprandial serum oxidative stress. Additionally, evidence indicates RS aids in treatment of diarrheal disease by interacting with both the human to increase SCFA concentration, water retention, and fecal weight and to interact with the disease-causing agent such that the insult to the human lumen cells is reduced. Therefore, RS may be a potent dietary therapy for individuals at risk for conditions including metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, colorectal cancer, and diarrheal diseases. The effects of type, dose, and duration of RS intake and subsequent impact on health are important areas of further research.

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Bacterial Short Chain Fatty Acids: Their Role in Gastrointestinal Disease

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

Short-chain fatty acids and commensal microbiota in the faeces of severely malnourished children with cholera rehydrated with three different carbohydrates

Dysbiosis of fecal microbiota in Crohnʼs disease patients as revealed by a custom phylogenetic microarray

Effects of Resistant Starch Intake in Humans

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