Bacterial vaccines and antibiotic resistance

Henriques‐Normark, Birgitta; Normark, Staffan

doi:10.3109/03009734.2014.903324

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, new cases continue to be found [8]. There are concerns about the emergence of new variants of bacteria that are more virulent or resistant to vaccines and antibiotics due to mutations, similar to what occurs in other bacteria [9][10][11][12]. In this case, it is necessary to carry out the molecular typing of diphtheria-causing bacteria in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta and the surrounding areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ST534: the new sequence type of Corynebacterium diphtheriae causing diphteria in Jakarta and surrounding areas, Indonesia

2020

Turk J Med Sci

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The aim of this study was to find out characteristics and patterns of the spread of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from Jakarta and the surrounding areas, using the whole genome sequencing (WGS) technique and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach. Materials and methods: The study samples consisted of 86 C. diphtheriae isolates, which were isolated from diphtheria patients and close contacts of patients. The DNA sequencing was carried out using the WGS technique. Data conversion applied the U-gene software. Molecular typing was conducted through the MLST approach, then followed by online data analysis. Results: The results showed that as many as 43 (50%) of all samples examined were new types with the same allele profile, namely 9-1-13-4-3-3-4. New sequence type C. diphtheriae is registered in the MLST global database as ST534 based on the allele profile. The tox gene analysis in 43 isolates with ST534 indicated that there were three mutation positions, all of which were silent mutations. Conclusion: The main cause of diphtheria in Jakarta and the surrounding areas is a new sequence type of C. diphtheriae registered as ST534.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ST534: the new sequence type of Corynebacterium diphtheriae causing diphteria in Jakarta and surrounding areas, Indonesia

2020

Turk J Med Sci

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“…Interestingly, despite no change in penicillin resistance rate post-vaccination, the MICs decreased significantly ( P =0.0098, Student’s t test) postvaccination due to vaccine-induced clearance of intermediate resistant lineages particularly serotype 3 in GC12 (Fig 6i, S8 Table). This exemplifies how vaccine usage can be strategically employed to clear not only highly prevalent and antibiotic resistant pneumococcal lineages globally but also intermediate resistant lineages with high likelihood to express full resistance before they do [23]. Further genomic analysis revealed the existence of a diverse catalogue of mobile genetic elements (MGE) which disseminated genes responsible for resistance against macrolides, tetracycline and chloramphenicol antibiotics (Fig 6j).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Early signals of vaccine driven perturbation seen in pneumococcal carriage population genomic data

Chaguza

Heinsbroek

Gladstone

et al. 2018

Preprint

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36Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) have reduced pneumococcal diseases glob-37 ally. Despite this, much remains to be learned about their effect on pathogen pop-38 ulation structure. Here we undertook whole genome sequencing of 660 pneumococ-39 cal strains from asymptomatic carriers to investigate population restructuring in 40 pneumococcal strains sampled before and after PCV13 introduction in a previously 41 vaccine-naïve setting. We show substantial decreasing frequency of vaccine-type (VT) 42 strains and their strain diversity post-vaccination in the vaccinated but not unvacci-43 nated age groups indicative of direct but limited or delayed indirect effect of vaccina-44 tion. Clearance of identical VT serotypes associated with multiple lineages occurred 45 regardless of their genetic background. Interestingly, despite the increasing frequency 46 of non-vaccine type (NVT) strains through serotype replacement, the serotype diver-47 sity was not fully restored to the levels observed prior to vaccination implying lim-48 ited serotype replacement. The frequency of antibiotic resistant strains was low and 49 remained largely unchanged post-vaccination but intermediate-penicillin-resistant 50 lineages were reduced in the post vaccine population. Significant perturbations marked 51 by changing frequency of accessory genes associated with diverse functions especially 52 mobile genetic elements and bacteriocin activity were detected. This phylogenomic 53 analysis demonstrates early vaccine-induced pneumococcal population restructuring 54 not only at serotype but also accessory genome level. 55 Author summary 56 Different formulations of PCVs have been effective in reducing the invasive pneu-57 mococcal disease burden globally. Clinical trials have started to indicate high im-58 pact and effectiveness of PCV13 in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) but there is limited 59 understanding of how the introduction of PCVs alters the population structure of 60 pneumococcal strains at serotype and genomic level. Here we investigated this using 61 pneumococcal strains sampled pre-and post-PCV13 introduction from a previously 62 vaccine naïve setting in Northern Malawi. Our findings reveal decrease in frequency 63 of VT serotypes and their associated lineages in the largely vaccinated under-five 64 population but not older individuals indicating a direct but limited or delayed in-65 direct protection. The diversity of serotypes also decreased post-vaccination in VT 66 strains in the under-fives but there was no change in NVT strains suggesting incom-67 plete serotype replacement. At the genomic level, logistic regression revealed chang-68 ing frequency of accessory genes largely associated with mobile genetic elements but 69 2 such changes did not include any antibiotic resistance genes. These findings show 70 significant perturbations at serotype and accessory genome level in carried pneumo-71 coccal population after two years from PCV13 introduction but the pneumococcal 72 population was still perturbed and had not returned to a new e...

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“…Use of pneumococcal vaccines in children and elderly have dramatically reduced the occurrence of otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Through the use of these vaccinations, the rate of prescribing antibiotics has been declined [49,50]. Despite of widespread efforts to prevent MRSA, it has been tremendously difficult to develop a staphylococcal vaccine.…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics Overuse and Bacterial Resistance

Saleem¹,

Deters²,

Bastide³

et al. 2019

Ann Microbiol Res

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Antibiotic usage has become very widespread, as they are used to treat so many infectious diseases today. Antimicrobial agents exert their actions via different mechanisms including blockage of cell wall synthesis, interference of protein and/ or nucleic acid synthesis, interruption of cell membrane structure, and inhibition of a metabolic pathway. The treatment of bacterial infections with antimicrobial agents has become more difficult due to the capability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics. Erroneous diagnosing, misconceptions, and improper physician-patient dynamics have led to overuse of antibiotics and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Bacterial colonies have been shown to confer advantageous genetic information with ease, which is cause for concern. This, in turn, leads to a heightened urgency to create new forms of treatment that are effective against a greater proportion of a given bacterial colony. Effective ways of decreasing resistance include better diagnostic techniques, proper education and assessments, optimization of antibiotics usage, drug synergism, vaccine implementation, global efforts to combat resistance, and development of new antimicrobial agents.

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Bacterial vaccines and antibiotic resistance

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

ST534: the new sequence type of Corynebacterium diphtheriae causing diphteria in Jakarta and surrounding areas, Indonesia

ST534: the new sequence type of Corynebacterium diphtheriae causing diphteria in Jakarta and surrounding areas, Indonesia

Early signals of vaccine driven perturbation seen in pneumococcal carriage population genomic data

Antibiotics Overuse and Bacterial Resistance

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