Bacterial variation in the oral microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients

Abstract

Background Microorganisms in oral cavity are called oral microbiota, while microbiome consists of total genome content of microorganisms in a host. Interaction between host and microorganisms is important in nervous system development and nervous diseases such as Autism, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Bacterial infections, as an environmental factor in MS pathogenesis play role in T helper 17(Th17) increase and it enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interlukin-21(IL-21), IL-17 and IL -22. Oral microbiota consists diverse populations of cultivable and uncultivable bacterial species. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is an acceptable method for identification of uncultivable bacteria. In this study, we compared the bacterial population diversity in the oral cavity between MS and healthy people. Methods From October to March 2019, samples were taken at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences’ MS patients center. A total of 30 samples were taken from MS patients and another 30 samples were taken from healthy people. Phenotypic tests were used to identify bacteria after pure cultures were obtained. DNA was extracted from 1 mL of saliva, and PCR products produced with primers were electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. Results The genera Staphylococcus, Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium and uncultivable bacteria with accession number MW880919-25, JQ477416.1, KF074888.1 and several other un-culturable strains were significantly more abundant in the MS group while Lactobacillus and Peptostreptococcus were more prevalent in the normal healthy group according to logistic regression method. Conclusion Oral micro-organisms may alleviate or exacerbate inflammatory condition which impact MS disease pathogenesis. It may be assumed that controlling oral infections may result in reduction of MS disease progression.

The role of wheat embryo globulin nutrients in improving cognitive dysfunction in AD rats

“…Pro-inflammatory factors enhance the inflammatory status of AD patients. 67 PCA results validate that each group's composition of intestinal microbiota changed significantly. The relative distance between the model group and the normal group is wide, the administration group is scattered between the two groups, and WEGN is closest to the normal group.…”

Salivary microbiome in chronic kidney disease: what is its connection to diabetes, hypertension, and immunity?

“…Prevotella spp., a proteolytic/amino acid–degrading bacteria, can break down proteins and peptides into amino acids and degrade them further via specific pathways to produce short-chain fatty acids [ 27 ], and its species are considered commensal microbes in the oral cavity [ 28 ]. However, several recent studies demonstrated that Prevotella is associated with diseases, such as periapical infection [ 29 ], gout [ 30 ], and multiple sclerosis [ 31 ]. Thus, although Prevotella declined in CKD patients which included those with and without hypertension, its role needs further investigation by salivary microbiome transplantation in CKD patients and animal models.…”

Oral Microbiota Profile in a Group of Anti-AChR Antibody–Positive Myasthenia Gravis Patients

“…One study reported significant differences in the relative abundance of 23 genera of oral bacteria in migraine patients compared tohealthy subjects, and it was proposed that they contribute to the occurrence of migraine via the nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway ( 9 ). Oral microorganisms can affect the inflammatory process of multiple sclerosis (MS), and controlling oral infection may slow MS progression ( 10 ). Our results showed that oral microbiota community composition was altered in patients with MG.…”

“…Poor oral health, which is associated with an imbalance of oral microbiota community structure and composition, has a major effect on neuroinflammation and has been linked to central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), to central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), migraine, and multiple sclerosis (MS) (6)(7)(8)(9)(10). However, the relationship between oral microbiota profile and MG has not been previously studied.…”