Bactericidal activity of chlorine‐loaded carbide‐derived carbon against Escherichia coli and Bacillus anthracis

Abstract

The authors investigated the bactericidal activity of high-chlorine-content nanoporous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) against the Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis and the common Gram-negative enteric bacterium Escherichia coli. Chlorine-loaded nanoporous CDC produced by thermochemical etching of metals and metalloids by chlorination of carbides can retain up to 40 wt % of chlorine. Etching temperature and the structure and composition of carbides allow tuning the porosity of CDC. The CDC chlorine content depends on the synthesis temperature, pore size, and metal carbide used during preparation. It was observed that chlorine-loaded CDC killed up to 100% of exposed E. coli and B. anthracis spores and vegetative cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. CDC containing higher concentrations of chlorine killed bacteria to a greater extent and faster than did CDC containing lesser concentrations of chlorine. The results suggest that chlorine-loaded CDC can be used in several commercial, defense, and industrial activities and processes to kill bacteria.

Surface modification of titanium with antibacterial porous N-halamine coating to prevent peri-implant infection

“…Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), also known as bleach, has been used as an effective antimicrobial agent against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and viruses since the 1950s [9]. Moreover, chlorine (Cl) bleach treatment has significantly enhanced the antimicrobial activity of biomaterials in recent years.…”

CeO2/Pt Catalyst Nanoparticle Containing Carbide-Derived Carbon Composites by a New In situ Functionalization Strategy

“…In comprehensive studies, a new class of advanced carbon materials was introduced and synthesized by chlorination of various carbide systems. − The resulting carbide derived carbons (CDC) offer very adjustable micropore diameters and high specific surface areas and pore volumes, respectively . Thus, these CDC structures are potential candidates as gas storage materials with outstanding hydrogen and hydrocarbon capacities or for super capacitor and for biological applications. − However, there are only a few reports for the preparation of hierarchically structured CDC materials containing micro- and mesopore systems that are beneficial for catalytic applications. − In different studies, the influence of various transition metals (e.g., platinum and ruthenium) were investigated on the structure and sorption properties of resulting CDC materials. − …”

“…18 Thus, these CDC structures are potential candidates as gas storage materials with outstanding hydrogen and hydrocarbon capacities or for super capacitor and for biological applications. [19][20][21][22][23][24] However, there are only a few reports for the preparation of hierarchically structured CDC materials containing micro-and mesopore systems that are beneficial for catalytic applications. [25][26][27] In different studies, the influence of various transition metals (e.g., platinum and ruthenium) were investigated on the structure and sorption properties of resulting CDC materials.…”