Bactericidal and antibiofilm properties of Rumex japonicus Houtt. on multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm formation have been challenging to control in milk and dairy industries. Biofilms formed by Staph. aureus may result in the failure of antibacterial agents and disinfectants to penetrate the biofilm in an attempt to control contamination. Novel natural antibacterial agents are required to combat MDR bacteria and biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the bactericidal, antibiofilm, and antimotility effects of Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJH) extract on MDR Staph. aureus isolated from milk. The RJH extract exhibited good antibacterial activity against MDR strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.78 to 6.25 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 12.5 mg/mL. The extract showed strong inhibition of biofilm formation (81.9%) at sub-MIC value and eradication of biofilm at higher concentrations. The motility of Staph. aureus was effectively blocked by the extract. Major compounds emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion were identified in RJH extract using HPLC-linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)/Orbitrap-mass spectrometry. The extract was nontoxic to human epithelial cell lines such as Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL, and from 0.1 to 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that RJH extract could be an alternative to synthetic preservatives in milk and dairy products.

New seco-anthraquinone glucoside from the roots of Rumex crispus

“…Among which, one seco-anthraquinone glucoside (1) and three naphtholones (2-4) are new compounds. Ten known compounds were identified as 3-acetyl-2-methyl-1,4,5-trihydroxy-2,3-epoxynaphthoquinol (5) [15], nepalensides A (6) and B (7) [16], polyanthraquinoside A (8) [17], emodin (9) [18], physcion (10) [19], chrysophanol (11) [20], emodin-1-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (12) [21], 6-methoxyl-10-hydroxyaloin B (13) [22], (10R)-3-methyl-1,8,10-trihydroxy-10-Dglucopyranosyl-9(10H)-anthracenone (14) [23] (Fig. 1), respectively, by comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values.…”

Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of pyocyanin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: in vitro and in vivo study

“…Biofilm formation and virulence factors (proteolytic activity, hemolytic activity, and motility) of MRSA isolates were screened for the identification of the strongest biofilm-forming and most virulent strains. The biofilm-forming ability was evaluated, as described in [ 25 ]. Briefly, MRSA strains were cultured in 96-well plates containing MHB media and 1% glucose for 24 h at 37 °C.…”

“…The formula used to get the percentage of eradication was [(OD (control)-OD (test)/OD (control)) × 100]. The biofilm eradication activity of PCN was further confirmed using a light microscope (LM), as described by [ 25 , 30 ]. In brief, 1 ml of the inoculated broth (MHB media containing 1% glucose) having a concentration of 10 8 CFU/ml was transferred to a 6-well microtiter plate containing a 1 × 1 cm size of coverslips.…”

Overview of the Biological Activity of Anthraquinons and Flavanoids of the Plant Rumex Species

“…aureus was efficiently suppressed by the extract containing mainly emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion. Kim et al stated that the extract was nontoxic to human epithelial cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines) at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL and from 0.1 to 0.75 mg/mL, respectively [78].…”