Bacteriologic Analysis of Infected Dog and Cat Bites

Talan, David A.; Citron, Diane M.; Abrahamian, Fredrick M.; Moran, Gregory J.; Goldstein, Ellie J. C.

doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400202

Cited by 815 publications

(478 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In a study of infected dog and cat bites, 56% of specimens (50 dog bites and 57 cat bites) yielded both aerobes and anaerobes. B. fragilis was isolated from one patient with a dog bite and from one patient with a cat bite, and B. ovatus was isolated from one patient with a dog bite (272).…”

Section: Infections In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteroides: the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty

2007

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SUMMARY Summary: Bacteroides species are significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial relationship with the host when retained in the gut, but when they escape this environment they can cause significant pathology, including bacteremia and abscess formation in multiple body sites. Genomic and proteomic analyses have vastly added to our understanding of the manner in which Bacteroides species adapt to, and thrive in, the human gut. A few examples are (i) complex systems to sense and adapt to nutrient availability, (ii) multiple pump systems to expel toxic substances, and (iii) the ability to influence the host immune system so that it controls other (competing) pathogens. B. fragilis, which accounts for only 0.5% of the human colonic flora, is the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogen due, in part, to its potent virulence factors. Species of the genus Bacteroides have the most antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the highest resistance rates of all anaerobic pathogens. Clinically, Bacteroides species have exhibited increasing resistance to many antibiotics, including cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin).

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Section: Infections In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteroides: the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty

2007

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“…Dog bites, which transfer canine oral bacteria across the epithelial barrier, are known to cause serious infections in humans. The majority of these infections are purulent wounds without abscess formation (58 %), followed by nonpurulent wounds with cellulitis, lymphangitis or both (30 %) and abscesses (12 %) (Abrahamian & Goldstein, 2011;Talan et al, 1999). Bite wound infections in humans are often polymicrobial and reflective of the organisms that colonize the oral cavity of the biting animal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from an infected human wound

Aravena-Roman

Inglis

Siering

et al. 2014

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-and oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite was characterized by phenotypic and molecular genetic methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IMMIB Q2029717 T was a member of the order Micrococcales of the class Actinobacteria, displaying 91.6 % to 96 % sequence similarity with members of the family Microbacteriaceae. Phylogentic trees generated by different algorithms indicated that the strain forms an independent phylogenetic line of descent that consistently clustered proximal to the base of the genus Leucobacter. Chemical studies revealed the presence of a cell-wall murein based on L-lysine (type B1a), major menaquinone (MK-10) and a DNA G+C content of 56.9 mol%. The distinct phylogenetic position, ribotyping and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight MS profiles and the significant phenotypic differences clearly separate strain IMMIB Q2029717 T from its nearest phylogenetic neighbour and support its classification as a representative of a novel genus and species, with the suggested name Canibacter oris gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is IMMIB Q2029717 T (5DSM 27064 T 5CCUG 64069 T ).

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“…42 The Emergency Medicine Animal Bite Infection Study Group also supported the use of antibiotics, such as co-amoxiclav as the drug of choice for prophylaxis or for treatment of established infection. 35 Trunk, head and neck lacerations from dog bite should be sutured. 43 Lacerations of hands and feet should not be sutured immediately.…”

Section: Animal Bitesmentioning

confidence: 99%