Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab Samples from Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal

Abstract

In Nepal, little is known about the microbiological profile of wound infections in children and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Total of 450 pus/wound swab samples collected were cultured using standard microbiological techniques and the colonies grown were identified with the help of biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were detected by using cefoxitin disc and confirmed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of oxacillin. 264 (59%) samples were culture positive. The highest incidence of bacterial infections was noted in the age group of less than 1 year (76%). Out of 264 growth positive samples, Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 162 (61%) samples and Gram-negative bacteria were found in 102 (39%) samples. Staphylococcus aureus (99%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacteria isolated and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%) was predominant Gram-negative bacteria. About 19% of S. aureus isolates were found to be methicillin-resistant MIC of oxacillin ranging from 4 μg/mL to 128 μg/mL. Among the children of Nepal, those of age less than 1 year were at higher risk of wound infections by bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common bacteria causing wound infections in children.

Microbial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pus Culture Isolates from a Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital, South India

“…In this study, the pus culture positivity rate in clinically suspected cases was 59.92% which is comparable to the previous reports of Rai et al, (2017) (59%) and Trojan et al, (2016) (60.1%). The male: female distribution of pus isolates was found to be 1.30:1 while the study of Rao et al, 2014 showed 1.43:1 ratio.…”

Aerobic Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pus isolates in a Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

“…Endogenous infections with Staph aureus are also possible as it is present in the normal flora of the human body. Staph aureus is followed by Pseudomonas as also reported by Rai S et al 3 and Chauhan M 11 whose findings are in accordance with the present study. Mohammad A…”

“…9 The results of the present study are in accordance with other studies reported in the literature so far. The incidence of wound infection was higher in males (46%) than in females (36%) which could be explained by the fact that men in our setup are involved in professions which make them more vulnerable to trauma and injuries, also reported by Ibrar et al 5 In the present study the most common pathogen isolated from pus samples were Staph aureus also reported by Rao DR 2 , Rai S et al, 3 Tiwari P et al, 10 and Chauhan M. 11 The reason may be that the sources of Staph aureus are the health care workers, and other patients in a hospital setup. Endogenous infections with Staph aureus are also possible as it is present in the normal flora of the human body.…”

“…Accumulation of these cells produces the thick yellowish liquid called Pus. 1 Bacterial infections always cause serious problems in the successful treatment of wounds which eventually results in complications sometimes leading to sepsis, 2,3 with high morbidity and mortality. Different studies shows that coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus has been found to be the most common organism isolated in pus followed by Pseudomanoas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriacae.…”

Determination of Bacterial Profile and Spectrum of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Pediatric Wound Infections

“…Children have a weak immune system, which makes them susceptible to severe infections that need appropriate treatment 12 . The chances of the indiscriminate use of antibacterials are immense if regional antibiotic sensitivity data is not available, which leads to the vicious circle of bacterial drug resistance.…”