Bacteriological profile of ocular surface flora in meibomian gland dysfunction

Zhang, Shao Dan; He, Jing; Niu, Tong Tong; Chan, Chi Ming; Ren, Chun Yang; Liu, Shan Shan; Qu, Yang; Chong, Kam Lung; Wang, Hai Lin; Tao, Jun; Pang, Chi Pui

doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2016.12.003

Cited by 53 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…aureus was much pathogenic with a high level of lipase production, 53 but in our study its relative abundance was markedly lower than S. epidermidis in all groups. Using culture-based methods, the positively isolated S. epidermidis from the ocular surface of patients with MGD was found to be at a higher rate than S. aureus, 13,15,16 which was consistent with our results. However, based on these findings available, it is clearly difficult to confirm which of these two Staphylococcus species plays a more important role in the process of MGD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…23,24 Adequate knowledge of the characteristics of bacterial microbiota in the conjunctival sac in patients with MGD is critical to raise our awareness of the pathogenesis of MGD. Using traditional bacterial culture techniques, Zhang et al 15 showed that the conjunctival sac in patients with MGD had more complex bacterial species than healthy subjects. Jiang et al 13 also found that the positivity rate of bacterial culture in patients with MGD was positively correlated with the severity of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the traditional cultivation, the rate of positive bacterial culture of the conjunctival sac in patients with MGD was significantly higher than those without MGD. 15,16 Moreover, topical administration of antibiotics has achieved therapeutic effects in the treatment of moderate to severe MGD, but the related mechanisms remain unclear. 17,18 Defining the characteristics of bacterial community on the ocular surface of patients with MGD based on 16S rDNA sequencing technology may promote further investigations on the role of the ocular surface microbiota and facilitate improvement of therapies for MGD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Composition and Diversity of Bacterial Community on the Ocular Surface of Patients With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Dong

Wang

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To investigate the composition and diversity of bacterial community on the ocular surface of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) via 16S rDNA sequencing. METHODS. Forty-seven patients with MGD, who were divided into groups of mild, moderate, and severe MGD, and 42 sex-and age-matched participants without MGD (control group) were enrolled. Samples were collected from the upper and lower conjunctival sac of one randomly chosen eye of each participant. Through sequencing the hypervariable region of 16S rDNA gene obtained from samples, differences in the taxonomy and diversity between groups were compared. RESULTS. Principle coordinate analysis showed significantly distinct clustering of the conjunctival sac bacterial community between the severe MGD group and the other groups. At the phylum level, the relative abundances of Firmicutes (31.70% vs. 19.67%) and Proteobacteria (27.46% vs. 14.66%) were significantly higher (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U), and the abundance of Actinobacteria (34.17% vs. 56.98%) was lower in MGD than controls (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). At the genus level, the abundances of Staphylococcus (20.71% vs. 7.88%) and Sphingomonas (5.73% vs. 0.79%) in patients with MGD were significantly higher than the controls (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U), while the abundance of Corynebacterium (20.22% vs. 46.43%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U). The abundance of Staphylococcus was positively correlated with the meiboscores in patients with MGD (r ¼ 0.650, P < 0.001, Spearman). CONCLUSIONS. Patients with MGD can have various degrees of bacterial microbiota imbalance in the conjunctival sac. Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, and Sphingomonas may play roles in the pathophysiology of MGD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composition and Diversity of Bacterial Community on the Ocular Surface of Patients With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Dong

Wang

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Cupriavidus metallidurans had a positive rate of 73% in all meibum samples, but it only causes infection under extreme conditions [29]. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a well-known pathogen, which is responsible for 6-39% of bacterial keratitis cases in the United States [30], its positive rate was 40% in our meibum samples; Staphylococcus epidermidis, had an positive rate of 48.6% in MGD samples, which was based on the results of a traditional culture method [17] It was present in 33% of the meibum samples irrespective of whether or not they were obtained either from MGD or HC samples (MGD vs HC, p = 0.17, Table S6). However, this equivalence may be erroneous due to sample heterogeneity or non-uniform culture methodology among these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Considering the risks of ocular infection by any of the different aforementioned bacteria, there is a pressing need to gain additional insight into the content of ocular surface microbiomes. Diverse efforts have been employed to characterize the microbes inhabiting this domain in a pathological condition [15][16][17][18]. Nevertheless, most progress has been restricted to focusing on the composition of the microbial population using 16S rDNA/rRNA sequencing to characterize the microbiomes in ocular sites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Profiling of Ocular Surface Microbiome Changes in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Ocular surface microbiome changes can affect meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) development, which in turn may increase the risk of tissue infection. To delineate what these changes are, we used shot-gun metagenomic analysis to determine if there are differences between the microbial communities in ocular sites surrounding the meibomian gland in healthy and patients afflicted with MGD. This comparison entailed comparing the microbe content in different microbiomes of the eyelid skin, conjunctiva and meibum with those from the same locations in healthy individuals (HC) and those with this disease. Results: The meibum bacterial content of these microbiomes was different in these two different types of individuals. Almost all of the most significant taxonomic changes in the meibum microbiome of these individuals with MGD were also present in their eyelid skin, but not in the conjunctiva. Such site-specific microbe pattern changes accompany increases in the gene expression levels controlling carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Most of the microbiomes in MGD disease possess a microbe population capable of metabolizing benzoate. Interestingly, microbe preponderance seemed to be less in patients afflicted with more severe MGD. Nevertheless, pathogens known to underlie ocular infection were evident in these patients. In meibum samples from HC, Pseudomonas fluorescens was present in more than 90% of the samples. Cupriavidus metallidurans and Pseudomonas putida had a positive rate over 50%. MGD meibum contained instead an abundance of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Enterococcus faecium pathogens, which were almost absent from HC. Functional annotation indicated that in the microbiomes of MGD meibum their capability to undergo chemotaxis and display immune evasive virulence and mediate Type IV secretion was different than that in the microbiomes of meibum isolated from HC. Conclusions: MGD meibum contained distinct microbiota different from HC, and MGD meibum microbiome community population was much smaller than in the HC group. Profiling differences in the meibum microbiome makeup between HC and MGD patients may uncover unique targets for improved treatment of this disease.

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