Bacteriological Studies of Bovine Semen. I. Numbers of Bacteria and the Relation to Fertility

Almquist, J.O.; Princé, P.; Reid, JF

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(49)92077-9

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Both spermatozoa and seminal plasma deposited in the uterus appear to be the primary cause of the active invasion of leucocytes. Since bacterial contamination is a common feature of mammalian semen (Gunsalus, Salisbury & Willett, 1941;Almquist, Prince & Reid, 1949), it is possible that bacteria introduced into the uterus following mating either with normal or vasectomized males may cause the leucocyte infiltration to a certain extent, as suggested by the study of McDonald, Black, McNutt & Casida (1952) on the rabbit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infiltration of Leucocytes Into the Uterine Lumen of the Golden Hamster During the Oestrous Cycle and Following Mating

Yanagimachi¹,

Chang²

1963

Reproduction

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In the uterine lumen of the unmated golden hamster, the highest number of leucocytes (average 308,000 in one uterine horn) appeared soon after oestrus or at the early stage of metoestrus. Following mating with a fertile male, the highest number of leucocytes (average 1,497,000) was found 12 to 14 hr after mating, i.e. about 6 hr earlier than in the unmated female. The principal cause of the acceleration of leucocyte infiltration following mating is neither the stimulation of the cervix and vagina nor the distension of the uterine wall with fluid, but the presence of semen itself, especially of large numbers of spermatozoa in the uterus. The rapid disappearance of spermatozoa from the uterus on the 1st day following mating is ascribed to the phagocytotic action of leucocytes and drainage through the cervix.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infiltration of Leucocytes Into the Uterine Lumen of the Golden Hamster During the Oestrous Cycle and Following Mating

Yanagimachi¹,

Chang²

1963

Reproduction

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“…Although sulphanilamide and the antibiotics were first tested as semen supplements because of their bacteriostatic properties, the way in which they increase conception rate is still not known. Almquist, Thorp & Knodt (1946), Almquist, Thorp & Glantz (1947), Foote & Salisbury (1948), Almquist, Glantz & Shaffer (1949) and Foote & Bratton (19506) have shown that they do prevent the growth of many types of bacteria but attempts to relate bacterial concentration to conception rate have met with little success (Almquist, Prince & Reid (1949), Wu, Blliker & McKenzie (1950), Alford (1953)). Knodt & Salisbury (1946), Salisbury & Knodt (1947), in their pioneer work on semen supplements, expressed the opinion that sulphanilamide had an effect on the metabolism of the spermatozoa and that this effect, rather than any bacteriostatic action, caused the increase in conception rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect on conception rates of semen diluents containing citrate or phosphate buffer, with all combinations of sulphanilamide, streptomycin and penicillin

Campbell

Edwards²

1955

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. A 24 factorial experiment involving 68,713 first inseminations was carried out at four artificial insemination centres, to compare semen diluents containing citrate or phosphate buffers and all combinations of sulphanilamide, streptomycin and penicillin.2. The analysis of the results was carried out on punched card machines and on an automatic calculator (EDSAC), as well as on bench machines.3. The main results obtained were:(i) Unsupplemented phosphate buffer gave a conception rate 5·5% above that obtained with unsupplemented citrate buffer.(ii) Citrate buffer with sulphanilamide, streptomycin and penicillin gave a conception rate 6·8% above that obtained with unsupplemented citrate buffer; and(iii) Phosphate buffer with penicillin gave a conception rate 9·3% above that obtained with unsupplemented citrate buffer. This effect was not, however, significantly greater than that referred to in (ii).4. Phosphate buffer depressed conception rate when used with sulphanilamide or streptomycin.

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“…To ensure clean semen production routine, surveillance of bacterial load in semen is needed. Lot of workers have worked on bacteriological analysis of semen both of cow bulls [ 4 - 7 ] and buffalo bulls [ 5 , 8 , 9 ] and also reported minor variation among species. Based on breeding policies of respective states, different breeds of cattle and buffalo are used for genetic improvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on breeding policies of respective states, different breeds of cattle and buffalo are used for genetic improvement. Bacterial load in semen may vary among individual bulls of similar breed or between breeds also [ 4 ]. Although, bacterial load in semen was being evaluated in different cattle breeds, i.e., Holstein Friesian (HF) [ 10 ], crossbred cattle [ 6 ], Jersey and Guernsey [ 4 ], Hereford [ 11 ], Sahiwal [ 12 ] and Gir [ 5 ], none of the report presented comparative analysis between breeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of species, breed, and age on bacterial load in bovine and bubaline semen

Sannat¹,

Nair²,

Sahu³

et al. 2015

Vet World

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Aim:The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of species, breed and age on bacterial load in fresh and frozen semen of Cattle and Buffalo bull.Materials and Methods:Present study covered 56 cow and 10 buffalo bulls stationed at Central Semen Station Anjora, Durg (Chhattisgarh). Impact of breeds on bacterial load in semen was assessed using six breeds of cattle viz. Sahiwal, Gir, Red Sindhi, Tharparkar, Jersey and Holstein Friesian (HF) cross. Cow bulls were categorized into four different groups based on their age (<4 years, 4-5 years, 5-6 years and > 6 years) to study variation among age groups. Bacterial load was measured in fresh and frozen semen samples from these bulls using the standard plate count (SPC) method and count was expressed as colony forming unit (CFU) per ml of semen.Results:Higher bacterial load was reported in fresh (2.36 × 104 ± 1943 CFU/ml) and frozen (1.00 × 10 ± 90 CFU/ml) semen of cow bulls as compared to buffalo bulls (1.95 × 104 ± 2882 and 7.75 × 102 ± 160 CFU/ml in fresh and frozen semen, respectively). Jersey bull showed significantly higher bacterial count (p < 0.05) both in fresh (4.07 × 104 ± 13927 CFU/ml) and frozen (1.92 × 103 ± 178 CFU/ml) semen followed by HF cross, Sahiwal, Gir, Red Sindhi and Tharparkar bull. Bulls aged < 4 years and more than 6 years yielded increased bacterial load in their semen. Although a minor variation was reported between species and among age groups, no significant differences were measured.Conclusion:Bacterial load in semen did not differ significantly between species and age groups; however significant variation was reported among different breeds. Bulls of Jersey breed showed significantly higher bacterial load in semen as compared to the crossbred and indigenous bull.

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Bacteriological Studies of Bovine Semen. I. Numbers of Bacteria and the Relation to Fertility

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Infiltration of Leucocytes Into the Uterine Lumen of the Golden Hamster During the Oestrous Cycle and Following Mating

Infiltration of Leucocytes Into the Uterine Lumen of the Golden Hamster During the Oestrous Cycle and Following Mating

The effect on conception rates of semen diluents containing citrate or phosphate buffer, with all combinations of sulphanilamide, streptomycin and penicillin

Effect of species, breed, and age on bacterial load in bovine and bubaline semen

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