Bacteriological Study of Wound Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates

Karki²,

2021

Nepal J Biotechnol

A wound gets infected when the organism gets invaded through the breached skin, proliferated and production of various enzymes, toxins, etc. In order to treat the wound infection, antibiotic susceptibility pattern of organism should be determined before the prescription of the medicine. The present study was conducted from September 2017 to March 2018 with an aim to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus identified from the pus/wound swab among the patients visiting the International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Total 270 sample were processed, isolated and identified using standard microbiological procedure and biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by using Modified Kirby Bauer's Disc Diffusion Method. Out of total sample, 51.48% (139) showed growth. The growth distribution was found to be high in out-patient department 84.9% (118) than in-patient department 15.1% (21). Among 139 positive growth, 83.5% were gram positive and 16.5% were gram negative. All together 12 different organisms were identified, among which S. aureus was found to be predominant organism 105 (75.5%). S. aureus was found to be sensitive towards Linezolid followed by Doxycycline whereas it was found resistant towards Ciprofloxacin. Among S. aureus identified, 50% were Multidrug resistant (MDR) S. aureus and 55% were Methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA was found to be sensitive towards Linezolid followed by Doxycycline and resistant towards Ciprofloxacin. The association between MDR and MRSA was found positively significant (i.e. p-value = 0.000). All strains of S. aureus were found to be sensitive towards Vancomycin. 22.86% were double disk diffusion test (D-test) positive. The prevalence of D-test was found to be high in MRSA (75%). The relationship between D-test and MRSA was found to be significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.39). Linezolid, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Doxycycline is a drug of a choice for both S. aureus and MRSA infection.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…High prevalence of growth in OPD might be due to increase in community acquired infection. Higher positive growth in OPD was also found in the study carried by KC et al [35] and found contrary to the study carried out by Pant et al, where they found 63.1% from IPD and 56.2% from OPD [36].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Pus/Wound Swab from Children Attending International Friendship Children's Hospital

Karki²,

2021

Nepal J Biotechnol

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology

“…We found that the most common bacterial isolates were E. coli, followed by S. aureus. The most predominant bacteria were E. coli supported by (Gautam et al, 2013;KC et al, 2013). The most predominance of S. aureus and the second most predominant bacteria is E. coli in a wound is supported by many studies (Karki 2012;Shrestha et al,2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-spectrum Betalactamase Producing Bacterial Isolates from Infected Wounds of patients in Kathmandu Model Hospital

Adhikari

Basnyat

Shrestha

2020

The wound is an injury to living tissues caused by a cut, puncture, bite, blow, or other impacts. An infection is caused when germs enter wounds. This study was designed to isolate and identify the causative agents of wound infections and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. A total of 339 samples were collected from January to June 2016 from Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu. Samples were inoculated on the Blood Agar and MacConkey agar plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. After incubation, all isolates were identified by using gram stain and biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on Mueller Hinton agar plate by Kirby Bauers Disk Diffusion Technique. During the study period, altogether, 339 specimens were collected and processed as per the standard microbiological protocol. The overall prevalence of wound infection was 56.9%. Among 244 bacterial isolates, Escherichiacoli (24.2%) was most predominant bacteria followed by Staphylococcus aureus (19.7%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (17.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.7%), Pseudomonasaeruginosa(8.6%), Acinetobacterspp (5.7%), Citrobacterfreundii(4.9%) Proteus mirabilis (3.3%), Streptococcus viridans (2.0%), Klebsiellaoxytoca (0.8%), Proteus vulgaris (0.4%), Serratiamarcescens (0.4%), Enterobacteraerogens (1.2%), Enterobacterfaecalis (0.4%). The most effective drug for Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria were amikacin and chloramphenicol, respectively. A total of Gram-negative bacteria, 77.55% were multidrug-resistant. The total Gram-negative bacteria most ESBL producers were E. coli (82.9%). We found S. aureus 33.3% of isolates were resistant to cefoxitin which indicates the increasing rate of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA) in wound infection.

Med. J. Shree Birendra Hosp.

“…15 Because colistin resistance has already been reported in some parts of the world, it may be expected in this region too though not reported yet. 4,[9][10][11][12]15 Combination of colistin with meropenem is shown ineffective in preventing emergence of resistance to colistin in a study. So judicious use of this valuable antibiotic seems to be the way to preserve sensitivity of the highly resistant organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sensitivity Pattern of Gram Negative Bacteria Contaminating Traumatic Wounds: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathamandu Valley

Suwal¹,

Kaundinnyayana²,

Prajapati³

et al. 2020

Introduction: Gram negative bacteria are commonly involved in wound infections and are significantly associated with morbidity and mortality because of increasing resistance to commonly used antibacterial agents. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of antibacterial sensitivity of the gram negative bacteria from wound swabs of accidental trauma cases. Methods: This retrospective study was done by collecting all the culture positive reports for wound swabs of accidental wounds from the microbiology laboratory and analyzing the reports showing growth of gram negative bacteria for frequency of sensitivity to commonly used antibacterial agents. Results: Culture positivity rate was 21.95% with growth of gram negative bacteria in 79.7% of cases. The most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli being 41.3% among gram negative isolates. Highly resistant bacteria were E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter spp. Conclusions: As there is low culture positivity rate for wound swabs obtained before washing the wounds inflicted by accidental trauma, prolonged routine use of prophylactic antibiotic is not justified. Thoroughly washing the wound is very likely to decrease the rate of wound infection further and reduces the need of antibacterial agents. Culture and sensitivity test should guide the treatment when wound is infected because highly resistant gram negative organism may be involved in such cases.