Bacteriophage Protects Against Aerococcus viridans Infection in a Murine Mastitis Model

Xi, Hengyu; He, Dan; Liu, Dong; Liu, Shanshan; Wang, Gang; Ji, Yalu; Wang, Xinwu; Wang, Zijing; Bi, Lanting; Zhao, Rihong; Zhang, Hao; Yang, Li; Guo, Zhimin; Wang, Han; Gu, Jingmin

doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.00588

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Compared with the control group of crucian carp, the inflammation and pathological changes were significantly alleviated in the gut and spleen tissues from crucian carp that were treated with phage. Furthermore, compared with the control group, vB_CbrM_HP1 administration resulted in a decrease in cytokine (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β) levels which was the same phenomenon as seen in the phage PIZ SAE-01E2 and the phage AVP in the treatment of infection with S. abortus equi and A. viridans, respectively (33,68). These results showed that phage vB_CbrM_HP1 can effectively alleviate lesions in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The pH and temperature stability tests were performed on the basis of a previously described method (33). vB_CbrM_HP1 with the same titer (10 10 PFU/ml) was incubated in SM buffer (pH 2-11) at 37 • C for 2 h. For the temperature stability test, vB_CbrM_HP1 with the same titer (10 10 PFU/ml) was incubated at 4 • C, 25 • C, 37 • C, 50 • C, 60 • C, 70 • C and 80 • C, and samples were taken every 20 mins to determine the phage titer.…”

Section: Biological Characteristics Of Vb_cbrm_hp1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Bacteriophage vB_CbrM_HP1 Protects Crucian Carp Against Citrobacter braakii Infection

et al. 2022

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Citrobacter braakii is an opportunistic pathogen that induces aquatic infections in fish and turtles. In this study, a bacteriophage that infects C. braakii, named vB_CbrM_HP1, was isolated from sewage. This phage belongs to Myoviridae family, Ounavirinae subfamily, Mooglevirus genus. We also used the phage to treat crucian carp infection caused by C. braakii for the first time. vB_CbrM_HP1 was relatively stable at temperatures ranging from 4 to 60°C and pH values ranging from 3 to 11 but float slightly. When the multiplicities of infection (MOI) was 0.0001, the titer reached a maximum of 4.20 × 1010 PFU/ml. As revealed from the results of whole genomic sequence analysis, the total length of vB_CbrM_HP1 was 89335 bp, encoding 135 ORFs, 9 of which were <75% similar to the known sequences in NCBI. The phage vB_CbrM_HP1 showed a highly efficient bactericidal effect against C. braakii both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, vB_CbrM_HP1 was capable of effectively killing bacteria (the colony count decreased by 4.7 log units at 5 h). In vivo, administration of vB_CbrM_HP1 (1 × 109 PFU) effectively protected crucian carp against fatal infection caused by C. braakii. Phage treatment reduced the levels of inflammatory factors. All these results demonstrated the potential of vB_CbrM_HP1 as an alternative treatment strategy for infections caused by C. braakii.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Biological Characteristics Of Vb_cbrm_hp1mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bacteriophage vB_CbrM_HP1 Protects Crucian Carp Against Citrobacter braakii Infection

et al. 2022

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“…Several researchers have reported that the 4th pair of mouse mammary gland have been used as an infection model to test the therapeutic effects of gut microbiota, probiotics and phage ( Wang et al, 2017 ; Hu et al, 2020 ; Ngassam-Tchamba et al, 2020 ). Therefore, a model of mastitis induced by S. dysgalactiae in mice was established in this work, which showed the typical symptoms of mastitis at the 4th pair of mouse mammary tissue as previously reported ( Xi et al, 2020 ), the swelling, congestion and hemorrhage mammary tissue and the increased inflammatory cytokines. Compared with the vancomycin treatment group, NZ2114 displayed significant decrease of bacteria and immunomodulatory effects against S. dysgalactiae -induced mastitis, and the effect of NZ2114 was superior to that of vancomycin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Effect of NZ2114 against Streptococcus dysgalactiae biofilms and its application in murine mastitis model

Yang

Zhang²,

Mao³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae) is usually treated with antibiotics, which may potentially increase drug resistance as the abuse. NZ2114, a variant of fungal defensin plectasin, displayed a potent antibacterial activity against S. dysgalactiae. The inhibition/eradication effect of the antimicrobial peptide NZ2114 on the early/mature biofilm of S. dysgalactiae CVCC 3938 was evaluated, as well as the elimination of bacteria in mature biofilms. In this study, NZ2114 displayed potent antibacterial activity against S. dysgalactiae CVCC 3938 and three clinical isolated S. dysgalactiae strains (0.11-0.45 μM). The early biofilm inhibition of S. dysgalactiae CVCC 3938 was 55.5–85.9% after treatment with NZ2114 at concentrations of 1–16 × MIC, which was better than that of vancomycin at the same concentration. The mature biofilm eradication rate was up to 92.7–97.6% with the increasing concentration (2–16 × MIC) of NZ2114, and the eradication rate did not change significantly with further increase of NZ2114 concentration, while the biofilm eradication rate of vancomycin-treated group at the same concentration remained at 92.5%. NZ2114 reduced the number of persister bacteria in biofilm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) further demonstrated that NZ2114 could effectively reduce the biofilm thickness and bacterial number of S. dysgalactiae CVCC 3938. In vivo therapeutic effect of NZ2114 on murine mastitis model showed that NZ2114 was better than vancomycin in alleviating mammary gland inflammation by regulating cytokines production, inhibiting bacterial proliferation, and reducing the number of mammary gland bacteria. These data suggested that NZ2114 is a potential peptide candidate for the treatment of mastitis.

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“…Several phages have been identified for these purposes, but a greater proportion of work has been conducted on S. aureus being the common aetiological agent causing this infection. This approach has also been described for bacterial species such as A. viridans [ 68 ], E. coli [ 60 ] and K. oxytoca [ 9 ].…”

Section: The Case For Phage Therapy To Control Bovine Mastitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review

Nale

McEwan

2023

Antibiotics

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Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacterial communities associated with the disease include representative species from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus. Conventional treatment relies on antibiotics, but antimicrobial resistance, declining antibiotic innovations and biofilm production negatively impact therapeutic efficacy. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which effectively target and lyse bacteria with extreme specificity and can be a valuable supplement or replacement to antibiotics for bovine mastitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the etiology of bovine mastitis, the advantages of phage therapy over chemical antibiotics for the strains and research work conducted in the area in various model systems to support phage deployment in the dairy industry. We emphasise work on phage isolation procedures from samples obtained from mastitic and non-mastitic sources, characterisation and efficacy testing of single and multiple phages as standalone treatments or adjuncts to probiotics in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo bovine mastitis infection models. Furthermore, we highlight the areas where improvements can be made with focus on phage cocktail optimisation, formulation, and genetic engineering to improve delivery, stability, efficacy, and safety in cattle. Phage therapy is becoming more attractive in clinical medicine and agriculture and thus, could mitigate the impending catastrophe of antimicrobial resistance in the dairy sector.

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Bacteriophage Protects Against Aerococcus viridans Infection in a Murine Mastitis Model

Cited by 9 publications

References 47 publications

The Bacteriophage vB_CbrM_HP1 Protects Crucian Carp Against Citrobacter braakii Infection

The Bacteriophage vB_CbrM_HP1 Protects Crucian Carp Against Citrobacter braakii Infection

Effect of NZ2114 against Streptococcus dysgalactiae biofilms and its application in murine mastitis model

Bacteriophage Therapy to Control Bovine Mastitis: A Review

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