Bacteriophage Types in Penicillin-resistant Staphylococcal Infection

Barber, Mary; Whitehead, J. E. M.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4627.565

Cited by 128 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is therefore surprising that few investigations on the occurrence of staphylococcal variants in vivo have been carried out. Barber & Whitehead (1949) examined individual colonies of cultures made from infected material and isolated sensitive and resistant strains of Staph. aureus from the same patients on eleven occasions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stability of Penicillinase-producing Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Fairbrother

Parker

Eaton

1954

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY : Penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, belonging t o the same phage pattern, were found in six out of 200 apparently resistant cultures isolated from infective processes. The in vitro instability of penicillinase-producing strains of Staph. aureus was confirmed. It was found that growth with Streptococcus haemolyticus or in the presence of other antibiotics did not greatly influence the natural development of sensitive variants. This process, however, tended to be accelerated by growth at 44", although some strains did not yield any sensitive variants in spite of prolonged incubation. Some inherited factor is considered to be primarily responsible for the production of penicillinase.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stability of Penicillinase-producing Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Fairbrother

Parker

Eaton

1954

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…In a recent survey in general practice, Roodyn (1954) found that only 25 % of the strains tested were resistant. Other studies suggest that fewer penicillin-resistant staphylococci occur in phage group II than in groups I and III, which together include many of the hospital strains (Barber & Whitehead, 1949;Williams et al 1953;Rountree, 1953). It was, therefore, of some interest to see if there was any correlation between the unusually high incidence of both 'type 71' and penicillin-resistant Staph.…”

Section: Bacteriological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects of Impetigo Contagiosa

Barrow¹

1955

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Summary1. The results of an investigation into the clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological features of impetigo contagiosa, with special reference to the type identification of staphylococci and streptococci, are reported and discussed.2. Of 106 impetigo cases studied, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated alone from 86 lesions (81 %), Streptococcus pyogenes alone from 6 (5·6 %), and a mixed growth of Staph. aureus and haemolytic streptococci in 14 instances (13·2 %).3. Of the 100 strains of Staph. aureus isolated from impetigo lesions, 63 were identical in phage type (‘type 71’), and a further 17 were closely related (‘weak 71’).4. Only one representative of ‘type 71’, and 9 of ‘weak 71’, were obtained from 164 strains of Staph. aureus from 200 persons in three control groups.5. Of 90 strains of Staph. aureus from impetigo lesions, 64 (71 %) were resistant to penicillin. Of these penicillin-resistant strains, 54 (84 %) were of ‘type 71’, or close variants.6. Strep, pyogenes was probably causative in at least 6 of the 18 patients yielding this organism from lesions; it was presumed to be a secondary invader in the remainder.7. It is doubtful if nasal carriage is of importance in the epidemiology of impetigo.8. It is concluded that there is a specific ‘type’ of staphylococcus associated with this form of impetigo.

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“…For example, in one British hospital the incidence of ␤-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus rose from less than 8% to almost 60% in a 4-to 5-year period immediately following World War II, as administration of penicillin became routine practice (4). By the late 1970s, after the discovery of cephalosporin C, other cephalosporin analogs, and broad-spectrum penicillins such as ampicillin, epidemiological studies reported the broad-spectrum TEM ␤-lactamases to be the most prevalent and widely distributed of plasmid-mediated enzymes (34,48).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantifying Nonspecific TEM β-Lactamase ( bla _TEM ) Genes in a Wastewater Stream

Lachmayr

Kerkhof

DiRienzo

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

135

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To control the antibiotic resistance epidemic, it is necessary to understand the distribution of genetic material encoding antibiotic resistance in the environment and how anthropogenic inputs, such as wastewater, affect this distribution. Approximately two-thirds of antibiotics administered to humans are ␤-lactams, for which the predominant bacterial resistance mechanism is hydrolysis by ␤-lactamases. Of the ␤-lactamases, the TEM family is of overriding significance with regard to diversity, prevalence, and distribution. This paper describes the design of DNA probes universal for all known TEM ␤-lactamase genes and the application of a quantitative PCR assay (also known as Taqman) to quantify these genes in environmental samples. The primer set was used to study whether sewage, both treated and untreated, contributes to the spread of these genes in receiving waters. It was found that while modern sewage treatment technologies reduce the concentrations of these antibiotic resistance genes, the ratio of bla TEM genes to 16S rRNA genes increases with treatment, suggesting that bacteria harboring bla TEM are more likely to survive the treatment process. Thus, ␤-lactamase genes are being introduced into the environment in significantly higher concentrations than occur naturally, creating reservoirs of increased resistance potential.

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Bacteriophage Types in Penicillin-resistant Staphylococcal Infection

Cited by 128 publications

References 10 publications

The Stability of Penicillinase-producing Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

The Stability of Penicillinase-producing Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects of Impetigo Contagiosa

Quantifying Nonspecific TEM β-Lactamase ( bla _TEM ) Genes in a Wastewater Stream

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Bacteriophage Types in Penicillin-resistant Staphylococcal Infection

Cited by 128 publications

References 10 publications

The Stability of Penicillinase-producing Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

The Stability of Penicillinase-producing Strains of Staphylococcus aureus

Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects of Impetigo Contagiosa

Quantifying Nonspecific TEM β-Lactamase ( bla TEM ) Genes in a Wastewater Stream

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Product

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Quantifying Nonspecific TEM β-Lactamase ( bla _TEM ) Genes in a Wastewater Stream