Baking Properties of Different Amaranth Flours as Wheat Bread Ingredients

Abstract

The technological properties of full-fat amaranth flour depend on the varietal characteristics of the Ukrainian amaranth grain and differ significantly from amaranth flour from flakes and amaranth flour from groats. In comparison with patent wheat flour, amaranth flour has a lower moisture content, higher water absorption capacity and autolytic activity. The variety of Amaranthus hypochondriacus significantly effects on the whiteness of full-fat flours, the lightest of which is obtained from the grain cultivar Kharkivsky-1. A higher fat, protein, and fibre content makes amaranth flours more acidic. The water absorption capacity of the flours shows positive correlation with their autolytic activity (+0.885). The acidity negatively correlates with the moisture (-0.939) and whiteness (-0.814) of the flours. Using amaranth flour of the different types to replace 5, 15, and 25% of patent wheat flour when making bread increases its specific volume and crumb porosity and decreases its shape stability. The positive correlation of the overall quality of the bread samples under study with their specific volume (+0.540) and the negative correlation with the acidity (- 0.685) are statistically significant. The shape stability negatively correlates with the porosity (-0.598), and the latter positively correlates with the specific volume (+0.533). The use of full-fat amaranth flour increases the specific volume and porosity of bread by 1.1–1.3 and 1.1 times respectively. The use of defatted flour from flakes leads to a 1.3–1.9 -fold increase in the specific volume and to a 1.1–1.2 -old increase in the porosity. Incorporation of amaranth flour from groats allows increasing the specific volume and porosity of bread by 1.3–1.5 and 1.1–1.2 times respectively. The bread samples with 25% of all amaranth flours considered and with 15% of full-fat flour of the Liera variety have the lowest consumer characteristics. It has been proved that using 5–15% of full-fat flour from the amaranth grain of variety Kharkivsky-1 and defatted flour from flakes and groats (by-products of processing amaranth grain into oil) improves the quality and nutritional value of bread.

Prospects for Improving the Recipe Composition of Grain Bars and Market Analysis

“…Останнім часом зацікавленість викликає використання безглютенової зернової сировини (сорго, амарант, коноплі, льон та ін.) для виробництва харчових продуктів [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Composite wheat-amaranth flour baking properties and bread freshness

“…Due to its complete absence of gluten, Amaranth flour can only be used as a partial substitute of wheat flour in traditional wheat bread formulations [10]. The baking qualities of composite wheatamaranth mixtures depend significantly on both the grain processing and the varietal characteristics of amaranth grain [11]. However, most of the research works that investigated composite mixtures with amaranth grain-derived products in bread making were devoted to the use of whole grain flour [12].…”

Obtaining biologically active substances from Amaranthus caudatus L. seeds in one technological cycle

“…Recently, experiments were conducted with baking bread with amaranth flour, which showed satisfactory taste (Zula et al, 2020). In other investigations it has been proved that using 5-15% full-fat flour from the Ukrainian selection of amaranth grain improves the quality and nutritional value of bread (Mykolenko et al, 2020).…”