Balanced role of T3SS and T6SS in contribution to the full virulence of Edwardsiella piscicida

Hu, Tianjian; Chen, Ran; Zhang, Lingzhi; Wang, Zhuang; Yang, Dahai; Zhang, Yuanxing; Liu, Qin

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.014

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Like other fish pathogens, the Edwardsiella and Aeromonas species enter their host through the skin and/or gills (Dong et al, 2013), and (c) flagellar components involved in motility, biofilm formation, and adhesion (Xu et al, 2014). As with E. tarda, a type III secretion systemdependent increase in mortality is seen with E. piscicida, although a type VI secretion system was identified as an additional virulence factor in the latter (Hu et al, 2019). The same model was used to show that the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptor mediated immune response is required for upregulation of antibacterial genes, including beta-defensins and major histocompatibility complex-related genes, in response to E. piscicida infection (Wu, Cao, Nie, & Chang, 2019).…”

Section: Edwardsiella and Aeromonas Infections In Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zebrafish as a model for gastrointestinal tract–microbe interactions

Flores

Nguyen

Odem

et al. 2020

Cellular Microbiology

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The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a widely used vertebrate model for bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan infections. Due to its genetic tractability, large clutch sizes, ease of manipulation, and optical transparency during early life stages, it is a particularly useful model to address questions about the cellular microbiology of host-microbe interactions. Although its use as a model for systemic infections, as well as infections localised to the hindbrain and swimbladder having been thoroughly reviewed, studies focusing on host-microbe interactions in the zebrafish gastrointestinal tract have been neglected. Here, we summarise recent findings regarding the developmental and immune biology of the gastrointestinal tract, drawing parallels to mammalian systems. We discuss the use of adult and larval zebrafish as models for gastrointestinal infections, and more generally, for studies of host-microbe interactions in the gut. K E Y W O R D S Danio rerio, gastrointestinal tract, host-pathogen interactions, infection model, microbiome, microbiota, zebrafish

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Section: Edwardsiella and Aeromonas Infections In Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

The zebrafish as a model for gastrointestinal tract–microbe interactions

Flores

Nguyen

Odem

et al. 2020

Cellular Microbiology

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“…In our study, with exposure to the sub-IC of phenol and formalin, the major virulence factors of E. piscicida CK108, such as the type III secretion system (T3SS), type VI secretion system (T6SS), fimbriae and flagellar/chemotaxis-related genes, altered their expression levels ( Figure 5 , Tables S1 and S2 ). T3SS and T6SS were identified as the two most important secretion systems in E. piscicida [ 31 ]. T3SS is a contact-dependent, flagellar-like needle structure that directly injects effectors into eukaryotic host cells using a one-step mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The T6SS effector EvpP prevents NLRP3 inflammasome activation [ 37 ]. A previous study found a significant decrease in the transcription level of IL-1β in zebrafish kidney infected with the T3SS mutant and a drastic increase in the transcription level of TNF-α infected with the T6SS mutant when compared with the wild-type [ 31 ]. Similar to the T3SS-encoded genes, T6SS-encoded genes (ETAC_RS11445, 11450, 11455, 11460, 11465, 11470, 11475, 11480, 11485, 11490, 11495, 11500, 11505) were downregulated with the sub-IC of phenol ( Figure 5 A, Table S1 ), while diametrical results were detected with the sub-IC of formalin ( Figure 5 B, Table S2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Edwardsiella piscicida CK108 Transcriptome Profiles with Subinhibitory Concentrations of Phenol and Formalin Reveal New Insights into Bacterial Pathogenesis Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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Phenol and formalin are major water pollutants that are frequently discharged into the aquatic milieu. These chemicals can affect broad domains of life, including microorganisms. Aquatic pollutants, unlike terrestrial pollutants, are easily diluted in water environments and exist at a sub-inhibitory concentration (sub-IC), thus not directly inhibiting bacterial growth. However, they can modulate gene expression profiles. The sub-IC values of phenol and formalin were measured by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay to be 0.146% (1.3 mM) and 0.0039% (0.38 mM), respectively, in Edwardsiella piscicida CK108, a Gram-negative fish pathogen. We investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEG) by RNA-seq when the cells were exposed to the sub-ICs of phenol and formalin. DEG analyses revealed that genes involved in major virulence factors (type I fimbriae, flagella, type III and type VI secretion system) and various cellular pathways (energy production, amino acid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and two-component regulatory systems) were up- or downregulated by both chemicals. The genome-wide gene expression data corresponded to the results of a quantitative reverse complementary-PCR and motility assay. This study not only provides insight into how a representative fish pathogen, E. piscicida CK108, responds to the sub-ICs of phenol and formalin but also shows the importance of controlling chemical pollutants in aquatic environments.

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“…T6SSs are prevalent in Gram-negative genomes [18][19][20] and have been functionally characterized in diverse species including environmental, pathogenic, and symbiotic bacteria [17,18,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The T6SS resembles an inverted phage (Fig 1d) that functions like a molecular syringe to deliver effector proteins directly into target cells [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A large lipoprotein mediates target specificity for T6SS-dependent killing

Speare

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Interbacterial competition is prevalent in host-associated microbiota, where it can shape community structure and function, impacting host health in both positive and negative ways. However, the factors that permit bacteria to discriminate among their various neighbors for targeted elimination of competitors remain elusive. We identified a specificity factor in Vibrio species that is used to target specific competitors for elimination. Here, we describe this specificity factor, which is associated with the broadly-distributed type VI secretion system (T6SS), by studying symbiotic Vibrio fischeri, which use the T6SS to compete for colonization sites in their squid host. We demonstrate that a large lipoprotein (TasL) allows V. fischeri cells to restrict T6SS-dependent killing to certain genotypes by selectively integrating competitor cells into aggregates while excluding other cell types. TasL is also required for T6SS-dependent competition within juvenile squid, indicating the adhesion factor is active in the host. Because TasL homologs are found in other host-associated bacterial species, this newly-described specificity factor has the potential to impact microbiome structure within diverse hosts.

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Balanced role of T3SS and T6SS in contribution to the full virulence of Edwardsiella piscicida

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

The zebrafish as a model for gastrointestinal tract–microbe interactions

The zebrafish as a model for gastrointestinal tract–microbe interactions

In vitro Edwardsiella piscicida CK108 Transcriptome Profiles with Subinhibitory Concentrations of Phenol and Formalin Reveal New Insights into Bacterial Pathogenesis Mechanisms

A large lipoprotein mediates target specificity for T6SS-dependent killing

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