In vitro Edwardsiella piscicida CK108 Transcriptome Profiles with Subinhibitory Concentrations of Phenol and Formalin Reveal New Insights into Bacterial Pathogenesis Mechanisms

Yoon, Ju Bin; Hwang, Sungmin; Baek, Se-Won; Lee, Seung-Ki; Bang, Woo Young; Moon, Ki Hwan

doi:10.3390/microorganisms8071068

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…In recent years, researches on the pathogenic mechanism of E. piscicida have become a research hotspot in the field of aquatic animal diseases. A variety of pathogenic factors and systems, such as adhesion factors, iron uptake regulators, antiserum ability, type III and VI secretion systems, hemolysin, catalase, cytotoxin, TAM, two-component system, density induction systems, flagellin, lysozyme inhibitors, intracellular survival mechanisms, and some environmental stress factors have been discovered and studied ( Yin et al, 2018 ; Leung et al, 2019 ; He et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Yoon et al, 2020 ). However, toxin-antitoxin (TA) system, an important stress and antibiotic resistance factor/system, are totally unknown in E. piscicida .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edwardsiella piscicida YefM-YoeB: A Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System That Is Related to Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, Serum Survival, and Host Infection

DongMei

Shi

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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The emergence of drug resistant bacteria is a tricky and confronted problem in modern medicine, and one of important reasons is the widespread of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in pathogenic bacteria. Edwardsiella piscicida (also known as E. tarda) is the leading pathogen threatening worldwide fresh and seawater aquaculture industries and has been considered as a model organism for studying intracellular and systemic infections. However, the role of type II TA systems are completely unknown in aquatic pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we identified and characterized a type II TA system, YefM-YoeB, of E. piscicida, where YefM is the antitoxin and YoeB is the toxin. yefM and yoeB are co-expressed in a bicistronic operon. When expressed in E. coli, YoeB cause bacterial growth arrest, which was restored by the addition of YefM. To investigate the biological role of the TA system, two markerless yoeB and yefM-yoeB in-frame mutant strains, TX01ΔyoeB and TX01ΔyefM-yoeB, were constructed, respectively. Compared to the wild strain TX01, TX01ΔyefM-yoeB exhibited markedly reduced resistance against oxidative stress and antibiotic, and markedly reduced ability to form persistent bacteria. The deletion of yefM-yoeB enhanced the bacterial ability of high temperature tolerance, biofilm formation, and host serum resistance, which is the first study about the relationship between type II TA system and serum resistance. In vitro infection experiment showed that the inactivation of yefM-yoeB greatly enhanced bacterial capability of adhesion in host cells. Consistently, in vivo experiment suggested that the yefM-yoeB mutation had an obvious positive effect on bacteria dissemination of fish tissues and general virulence. Introduction of a trans-expressed yefM-yoeB restored the virulence of TX01ΔyefM-yoeB. These findings suggest that YefM-YoeB is involved in responding adverse circumstance and pathogenicity of E. piscicida. In addition, we found that YefM-YoeB negatively autoregulated the expression of yefM-yoeB and YefM could directly bind with own promoter. This study provides first insights into the biological activity of type II TA system YefM-YoeB in aquatic pathogenic bacteria and contributes to understand the pathogenesis of E. piscicida.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edwardsiella piscicida YefM-YoeB: A Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System That Is Related to Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, Serum Survival, and Host Infection

DongMei

Shi

et al. 2021

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Although a microorganism possesses genes for stress response, a specific gene may not be actively expressed as RNA unless cells are exposed to severe growth conditions. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) is a useful technology to investigate the stress response mechanisms in various microorganisms [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. For example, transcriptome analysis of Staphylococcus aureus revealed the increased cell adhesion and biofilm formation in response to low concentrations of ampicillin [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant Staphylococcus saprophyticus Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp

Hwang

Cha

2022

Foods

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Saeu-jeotgal, a Korean fermented shrimp food, is commonly used as an ingredient for making kimchi and other side dishes. The high salinity of the jeotgal contributes to its flavor and inhibits the growth of food spoilage microorganisms. Interestingly, Staphylococcus saprophyticus was discovered to be capable of growth even after treatment with 20% NaCl. To elucidate the tolerance mechanism, a genome-wide gene expression of S. saprophyticus against 0%, 10%, and 20% NaCl was investigated by RNA sequencing. A total of 831, 1314, and 1028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the 0% vs. 10%, 0% vs. 20%, and 10% vs. 20% NaCl comparisons, respectively. The Clusters of Orthologous Groups analysis revealed that the DEGs were involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, transcription, and inorganic ion transport and metabolism. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the expression of the genes encoding mechanosensitive ion channels, sodium/proton antiporters, and betaine/carnitine/choline transporter family proteins was downregulated, whereas the expression of the genes encoding universal stress proteins and enzymes for glutamate, glycine, and alanine synthesis was upregulated. Therefore, these findings suggest that the S. saprophyticus isolated from the saeu-jeotgal utilizes different molecular strategies for halotolerance, with glutamate as the key molecule.

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“…piscicida were revealed. In addition to canonical virulence systems T3SS, T6SS, adhesion factors, haemolysin, catalase, antiserum related factor and regulator factors such as Fur and Hfq (Hu et al, 2014; Leung et al, 2019; Tan et al, 2019; Yin et al, 2018; Yoon et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2018, 2019), some novel virulence genes and resistance genes were also identified in E . piscicida .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, many virulence-related factors/systems in E. piscicida were revealed. In addition to canonical virulence systems T3SS, T6SS, adhesion factors, haemolysin, catalase, antiserum related factor and regulator factors such as Fur and Hfq (Hu et al, 2014;Leung et al, 2019;Tan et al, 2019;Yin et al, 2018;Yoon et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2018Zhang et al, , 2019, some novel virulence genes and resistance genes were also identified in E. piscicida. For example, it was reported that Glu6P transport regulatory protein UhpA played a role in regulating the virulence gene expression (Ye et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type II toxin–antitoxin system, RatAB, contributes to oxidative resistance, biofilm formation and virulence of Edwardsiella piscicida

Zhang

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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Since the diversity and importance of its role, the type II TA system is attracting increasing attention from researchers. Edwardsiella piscicida is becoming a leading pathogen that threatens seawater and fresh aquaculture, and has been supposed to be a model organism for the study of intracellular infections. Currently, the pathogenesis of E. piscicida remains unclear, and some new pathogenic factors need to be identified. Type II TA system is largely unknown in E. piscicida. In this study, a type II TA system, RatAB, was identified and characterized in E. piscicida. RatA shares high sequence homology with RatA family toxin, and RatB shares high sequence homology with RnfH family protein. ratA and ratB form a bicistronic operon. The biological roles of RatAB were studied by mutants TX01ΔratA and TX01ΔratAB, and corresponding complementary strains. The growths of TX01ΔratA and TX01ΔratAB were similar to that of TX01 in normal LB medium. However, TX01ΔratA, especially TX01ΔratAB, were more sensitive to oxidation pressure than wild strain TX01. Two mutants' abilities to form persistent bacteria were markedly reduced compared with TX01. The deletions of ratA and ratAB reduced bacterial biofilm formation. Cell infection test indicated that the ratA and ratAB mutations damaged E. piscicida′s ability to adhere and invade host non‐phagocyte and weaken the ability of bacterial to survive and reproduce in host phagocyte. Consistently, in vivo infection tests confirmed that ratA and ratAB were required for bacterial dissemination in host tissues. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that RatAB is requisite for resistance to adversity and full virulence of E. piscicida.

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In vitro Edwardsiella piscicida CK108 Transcriptome Profiles with Subinhibitory Concentrations of Phenol and Formalin Reveal New Insights into Bacterial Pathogenesis Mechanisms

Cited by 11 publications

References 67 publications

Edwardsiella piscicida YefM-YoeB: A Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System That Is Related to Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, Serum Survival, and Host Infection

Edwardsiella piscicida YefM-YoeB: A Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System That Is Related to Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, Serum Survival, and Host Infection

Transcriptome Analysis of Halotolerant Staphylococcus saprophyticus Isolated from Korean Fermented Shrimp

Type II toxin–antitoxin system, RatAB, contributes to oxidative resistance, biofilm formation and virulence of Edwardsiella piscicida

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