Balancing Reduction and Refinement

Fenwick, Nicole; Griffin, Gilly

doi:10.1177/026119291304100311

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 13 publications

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“…If there is no alternative to animal use, opinions on whether Refinement or Reduction takes precedence vary. In some countries, particularly in the Emerging World, Reduction comes before Refinement, a consequence of limited resources and pressure from ill-advised ethical review bodies [4,5], personal communications]. The result: studies that are underpowered, with insufficient numbers of animals used to enable appropriate statistical analysis of the data obtained to be undertaken.…”

Section: Which R Should Take Precedence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal experimentation: implementation and application of the 3Rs

Lewis

2019

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences

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Despite the development of powerful molecular biological techniques and technologies, studies involving research animals remain a key component of discovery biology, and in the discovery and development of new medicines. In 1959, The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) were developed to provide a framework to ensure animal research was undertaken as humanely as possible. Sixty years since their inception, the extent to which the 3Rs have been adopted and implemented by the global scientific and medical research communities has unfortunately been slow and patchy. However, this situation is changing rapidly as awareness increases, not only of the 3Rs themselves, but of the impact of animal welfare on the reproducibility, reliability and translatability of data from animal studies.

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Section: Which R Should Take Precedence?mentioning

confidence: 99%