Balantidiasis in Aymara children from the northern Bolivian Altiplano.

Esteban, J. Guillermo; Aguirre, C.; Angles, René; Ash, Lawrence R.; Mas‐Coma, Santiago

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.922

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…People in contact with pigs were more likely to be infected, thus, it is said that the Aymara children of the Plateau of Bolivia had a greater prevalence of this infection, although usually they remained asymptomatic [7] . Our patient was personally questioned, she had not contacted with a pig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysentery caused byBalantidium coliin a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma from Turkey

Yazar

Altuntaş²,

Şahi̇n³

et al. 2004

WJG

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Balantidium coli is the only parasitic ciliate of man. It is a flattened oval organism covered with cilia, and a gullet at the anterior end. It is infrequently pathogenic for man, although epidemic buds in tropical zones have been described. The infection fundamentally affects the colon and causes variable clinic pictures, from asymptomatic to serious dysenteric forms. We present a case of parasitologically diagnosed as causes of diarrhea in a patient with nonHodgkin's lymphoma from Turkey. In order to find out the causative etiologic agent of diarrhea, stool samples were examined by native, lugol and flotation methods and we detected moving trophozoites, which were approximately 60 µm long and 35 µm wide. These bodies were diagnosed as Balantidium coli. This case underlines that Balantidium coli should also be considered as a possible pathogen in immunocompromised patients with diarrhea.Yazar S, Altuntas F, Sahin I, Atambay M. Dysentery caused by Balantidium coli in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from Turkey.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysentery caused byBalantidium coliin a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma from Turkey

Yazar

Altuntaş²,

Şahi̇n³

et al. 2004

WJG

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“…Fulminating balantidiosis has a case fatality rate of 30% (19). Vasquez and Vidal (71) described the case of a 60-year-old pig farmer with pancolonic damage and microperforation who died despite antiparasitic treatment.…”

Section: Disease Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In areas where contact with pigs is common, such as the Altiplano region of Bolivia, most of the schoolchildren examined had asymptomatic infections, but few had diarrheic stools, suggesting resistance to fulminant disease (19). In an outbreak of balantidiosis on the Western Pacific island of Truk (see below), immunity may have been a factor in the relatively rapid resolution (estimated at ϳ6 weeks) of the outbreak among inhabitants (72).…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Current World Status of Balantidium coli

2008

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SUMMARY Balantidium coli is a cosmopolitan parasitic-opportunistic pathogen that can be found throughout the world. Pigs are its reservoir hosts, and humans become infected through direct or indirect contact with pigs. In rural areas and in some developing countries where pig and human fecal matter contaminates the water supply, there is a greater likelihood that balantidiosis may develop in humans. The infection may be subclinical in humans, as it mostly is in pigs, or may develop as a fulminant infection with bloody and mucus-containing diarrhea; this can lead to perforation of the colon. The disease responds to treatment with tetracycline or metronidazole. Balantidiosis is a disease that need never exist given access to clean water and a public health infrastructure that monitors the water supply and tracks infections. Its spread can be limited by sanitary measures and personal hygiene, but it is a disease that will be around as long as there are pigs. Immunocompromised individuals have developed balantidiosis without any direct contact with pigs, perhaps with rats or contaminated produce as a possible source of infection. For the clinician, balanatidiosis should be included in the differential diagnosis for persistent diarrhea in travelers to or from Southeast Asia, the Western Pacific islands, rural South America, or communities where close contact with domestic swine occurs. Warming of the earth's surface may provide a more favorable environment, even in the now-temperate areas of the world, for survival of trophic and cystic stages of Balantidium, and its prevalence may increase. Effective sanitation and uncontaminated water are the most useful weapons against infection. Fortunately, balantidiosis responds to antimicrobial therapy, and there have been no reports of resistance to the drugs of choice.

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“…Balantidiasis has been reported in various animals, particularly non-human primates and pigs, which are considered the primary hosts of these parasites (NAKAUCHI, 1999;SCHUSTER & RAMIREZ-ÁVILA, 2008). This parasitic disease, considered a zoonosis, might manifest serious clinical gastrointestinal conditions in humans, such as dysentery and ulcers that progress to death (PINHEIRO & LIMA, 1991;ESTEBAN et al, 1998;VÁSQUEZ & VIDAL, 1999). This protozoan shows a wide geographical distribution and has primarily been reported in rural areas of developing countries with a tropical climate (ZAMAN, 1978;SOLAYMANI-MOHAMMADI & PETRI, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of three xenic media culture for cultivation of Balantidium coli strains

Barbosa

Cardozo

Dib

et al. 2018

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the growth rate of Balantidium coli in three xenic media cultures. Between 2013 and 2015, 10 B. coli isolates obtained from feces of Cynomolgus macaques, and 30 isolates from feces of pigs were studied. An inoculum of 500 trophozoites was transferred to tubes containing LES, TYSGM-9 and Pavlova media. These cultures were evaluated at incubation times of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. In most of strains analyzed wasn't showed significant difference in the growth rate comparing TYSGM-9 and Pavlova media (Wilcoxon p>0.016). In Pavlova medium, the trophozoites showed a maximum growth at 72 hours with significant difference when compared with the times of 24 h and 96 h (Wilcoxon <0.008). In LES, viable trophozoites were observed until 24 hours, with a significant difference (Friedman p<0.05, Wilcoxon p<0.016) in the number of parasite cells compared with Pavlova and TYSGM-9 media cultures. Thus, LES medium seemed to be less adequate than the other media for maintenance of B. coli. Despite the satisfactory results in TYSGM-9, Pavlova medium was considered ideal for the maintenance of this protozoan strain, guaranteeing the viability of the parasite with subculture every three days, presenting lower costs.Keywords: Protozoa intestinal, xenic culture, modified Pavlova, TYSGM-9, LES. ResumoO objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a taxa de crescimento de Balantidium coli em três meios de cultura xênicos. Entre 2013 e 2015 foram estudados 10 isolados de B. coli obtidos de Cynomolgus macaques e 30 isolados de suínos. Um inóculo contendo 500 trofozoítos foi transferido para tubos contendo os meios LES, TYSGM-9 e Pavlova. Os cultivos foram avaliados com tempos de incubação de 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas. Na maioria das cepas analisadas não foi observado diferença significativa na taxa de crescimento comparando TYSGM-9 e Pavlova (Wilcoxon p>0,016). Em Pavlova, os trofozoítos apresentaram máximo de crescimento a 72 h com diferença significativa quando se comparou com os tempos de 24 h e 96 h (Wilcoxon <0,008). Em LES observou-se trofozoítos viáveis até 24 horas com diferença significativa (Friedman p<0,05 e Wilcoxon p<0,016), na quantidade de células parasitárias, quando comparado com Pavlova e TYSGM-9. Dessa forma, o meio LES mostrou-se ser menos adequado do que os outros, para a manutenção de B. coli. Apesar do resultado satisfatório em TYSGM-9, Pavlova foi considerado ideal para manutenção do protozoário, por garantir a viabilidade do parasito com subcultivos a cada três dias, além de apresentar menor custo.Palavras-chave: Protozoário intestinal, cultivo xênico, Pavlova modificado, TYSGM-9, LES.

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Balantidiasis in Aymara children from the northern Bolivian Altiplano.

Cited by 66 publications

References 28 publications

Dysentery caused byBalantidium coliin a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma from Turkey

Dysentery caused byBalantidium coliin a patient with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma from Turkey

Current World Status of Balantidium coli

Comparative study of three xenic media culture for cultivation of Balantidium coli strains

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