Balloon-borne and Raman lidar observations of Asian dust and cirrus cloud properties over Tsukuba, Japan

Sakai, Tetsu; Orikasa, Narihiro; Nagai, Tomohiro; Murakami, Masataka; Tajiri, Takeyoshi; Saito, Atsushi; Yamashita, Kazuya; Hashimoto, Akihiro

doi:10.1002/2013jd020987

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, Storelvmo and Herger (2014) demonstrated that the forward modelling simulation with 50 % of mineral dust particles acting as INP to be in good agreement with an observation reported by Cziczo et al (2013). Another airborne observation during an Asian mineral dust event also suggested ice nucleation in cirrus clouds to occur under water subsaturation conditions below 130 % RH ice (Sakai et al, 2014). Previously, empirical descriptions such as Meyers et al (1992, henceforth M92) were derived from the limited field measurements of ice nuclei concentrations measured at −23 • C < T < −7 • C and 102 % < RH ice < 125 % conditions.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

A comprehensive parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation of dust surrogate: laboratory study with hematite particles and its application to atmospheric models

Hiranuma¹,

Paukert²,

Steinke³

et al. 2014

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. A new heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterization that covers a wide temperature range (−36 to −78 °C) is presented. Developing and testing such an ice nucleation parameterization, which is constrained through identical experimental conditions, is critical in order to accurately simulate the ice nucleation processes in cirrus clouds. The surface-scaled ice nucleation efficiencies of hematite particles, inferred by ns, were derived from AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber measurements under water subsaturated conditions that were realized by continuously changing temperature (T) and relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice) in the chamber. Our measurements showed several different pathways to nucleate ice depending on T and RHice conditions. For instance, almost T-independent freezing was observed at −60 °C < T < −50 °C, where RHice explicitly controlled ice nucleation efficiency, while both T and RHice played roles in other two T regimes: −78 °C < T < −60 °C and −50 °C < T < −36 °C. More specifically, observations at T colder than −60 °C revealed that higher RHice was necessary to maintain constant ns, whereas T may have played a significant role in ice nucleation at T warmer than −50 °C. We implemented new ns parameterizations into two cloud models to investigate its sensitivity and compare with the existing ice nucleation schemes towards simulating cirrus cloud properties. Our results show that the new AIDA-based parameterizations lead to an order of magnitude higher ice crystal concentrations and inhibition of homogeneous nucleation in colder temperature regions. Our cloud simulation results suggest that atmospheric dust particles that form ice nuclei at lower temperatures, below −36 °C, can potentially have stronger influence on cloud properties such as cloud longevity and initiation when compared to previous parameterizations.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

A comprehensive parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation of dust surrogate: laboratory study with hematite particles and its application to atmospheric models

Hiranuma¹,

Paukert²,

Steinke³

et al. 2014

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results shown that the dust backscatter-related Angstrom exponents (BAEs) values were in the range of 0.3 to 0.6 (±0.2), which indicated domination of coarse particles in the micron size range. Using an instrumented balloon and a ground-based Raman Lidar over Tsukuba, Japan, the influence of Asian mineral dust on an ice cloud formation in the upper troposphere was investigated, and the results pointed that the predominance of nonspherical particles were in the range of 6 to 12 km [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a Dust Storm in 2020 by a Multi-Observation Platform over the Northwest China

Yang

Huang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dust storms have occurred frequently in northwest China and can dramatically reduce visibility and exacerbate air quality in downwind regions through long-range transport. In order to study the distribution characteristics of dust particles sizes, structures and concentrations in the process of dust storm, especially for the vertical distributions, the multi-observation platform composed of six Lidars and nine aerosol analytical instruments is first used to detect a severe dust storm event, which occurred in Northwest China on 3 May 2020. As a strong weather system process, the dust storm has achieved high intensity and wide range. When the intensity of a dust storm is at its strongest, the ratios of PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm) and PM10 (particulate matter with diameter < 10 µm) (PM2.5/PM10) in cities examined were less than 0.2 and the extinction coefficients became greater than 1 km−1 based on Lidar observations. In addition, the growth rates of PM2.5 were higher than that of PM10. The dust particles mainly concentrated at heights of 2 km, after being transported about 200–300 km, vertical height increased by 1–2 km. Meanwhile, the dust concentration decreased markedly. Furthermore, the depolarization ratio showed that dust in the Tengger Desert was dominated by spherical particles. The linear relationships between 532 nm extinction coefficient and the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 were found firstly and their R2 were 0.706 to 0.987. Our results could give more information for the physical schemes to simulate dust storms in specific models, which could improve the forecast of dust storms.

show abstract

“…Each year during the northern hemispheric summer months from June to August, large amounts of Saharan mineral dust particles are transported from the African continent towards the Caribbean islands (Moulin et al, 1997). Dust particles are injected into the atmosphere over the Saharan, for example by nocturnal low-level jets or convective activity (Schepanski et al, 2009), and form well-mixed convective aerosol layers from ground level to up to 4-6 km height (Esselborn et al, 2008;Ben-Ami et al, 2009;Ansmann et al, 2011). Easterlies subsequently transport the layers westwards over hot desert surfaces towards the Atlantic Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiative effects of long-range-transported Saharan air layers as determined from airborne lidar measurements

Gutleben¹,

Groß²,

Wirth³

et al. 2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The radiative effect of long-range-transported Saharan air layers is investigated on the basis of simultaneous airborne high-spectral-resolution and differential-absorption lidar measurements in the vicinity of Barbados. Within the observed Saharan air layers, increased water vapor concentrations compared to the dry trade wind atmosphere are found. The measured profiles of aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratios are used to characterize the atmospheric composition in radiative transfer calculations, to calculate radiative effects of moist Saharan air layers and to determine radiative heating rate profiles. An analysis based on three case studies reveals that the observed enhanced amounts of water vapor within Saharan air layers have a much stronger impact on heating rate calculations than mineral dust aerosol. Maximum mineral dust short-wave heating and long-wave cooling rates are found at altitudes of highest dust concentration (short wave: +0.5 K d−1; long wave: −0.2 K d−1; net: +0.3 K d−1). However, when considering both aerosol concentrations and measured water vapor mixing ratios in radiative transfer calculations, the maximum heating/cooling rates shift to the top of the dust layer (short wave: +2.2 K d−1; long wave: −6.0 to −7.0 K d−1; net: −4.0 to −5.0 K d−1). Additionally, the net heating rates decrease with height – indicating a destabilizing effect in the dust layers. Long-wave counter-radiation of Saharan air layers is found to reduce cooling at the tops of the subjacent marine boundary layers and might lead to less convective mixing in these layers. The overall short-wave radiative effect of mineral dust particles in Saharan air layers indicates a maximum magnitude of −40 W m−2 at surface level and a maximum of −25 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere.

show abstract

Balloon-borne and Raman lidar observations of Asian dust and cirrus cloud properties over Tsukuba, Japan

Cited by 14 publications

References 62 publications

A comprehensive parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation of dust surrogate: laboratory study with hematite particles and its application to atmospheric models

A comprehensive parameterization of heterogeneous ice nucleation of dust surrogate: laboratory study with hematite particles and its application to atmospheric models

Detection of a Dust Storm in 2020 by a Multi-Observation Platform over the Northwest China

Radiative effects of long-range-transported Saharan air layers as determined from airborne lidar measurements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About