Bank erosion of an incised upland channel by subaerial processes: Tasmania, Australia

Prosser, Ian P.; Hughes, Andrew O.; Rutherfurd, Ian

doi:10.1002/1096-9837(200009)25:10<1085::aid-esp118>3.3.co;2-b

Cited by 20 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Notable exceptions to this trend include some work that has sought to quantify entrainment thresholds and process rates (e.g., Lawler et al, 1997a;Simon et al, 2000;Dapporto, 2001). The role of weathering as a significant agent of erosion has also started to be recognised (e.g., Lawler, 1993;Prosser et al, 2000;Couper and Maddock, 2001), both in headwater reaches (where weathering may be the dominant mechanism by which sediment is removed from the bank face) and, elsewhere, as a mechanism for enhancing bank erodibility and promoting fluvial erosion. Fig.…”

Section: Gbr1mentioning

confidence: 99%

9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

Rinaldi¹,

Darby²

2007

Developments in Earth Surface Processes

127

118

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This paper reviews recent developments in modelling the two main sets of bankerosion processes and mechanisms, namely fluvial erosion and mass failure, before suggesting an avenue for research to make further progress in the future. Our review of mass failure mechanisms reveals that the traditional use of limit equilibrium methods to analyse bank stability has in recent years been supplemented by research that has made progress in understanding and modelling the role of positive and negative pore water pressures, confining river pressures, and hydrograph characteristics. While understanding of both fluvial erosion and mass failure processes has improved in recent years, we identify a key limitation in that few studies have examined the nature of the interaction between these processes. We argue that such interactions are likely to be important in gravel-bed rivers and present new simulations in which fluvial erosion, pore water pressure, and limit equilibrium stability models are combined into a fully coupled analysis. The results suggest that existing conceptual models, which describe how bank materials are delivered to the fluvial sediment transfer system, may need to be revised to account for the unforeseen effects introduced by feedback between the interacting processes.

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Section: Gbr1mentioning

confidence: 99%

9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

Rinaldi¹,

Darby²

2007

Developments in Earth Surface Processes

127

118

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“…direct entrainment of bank material from flowing water). Other processes such as subaerial erosion (wetting/drying or freeze/thaw cycles) and needle ice formation have been identified but are considered less effective erosive forces and are generally not incorporated into bank erosion models (Couper and Maddock, 2001;Lawler, 1993;Prosser et al, 2000;Thorne, 1982). Although first developed for use with hillslopes, slope-stability relationships exist for both cohesive and non-cohesive soils, resulting in the commonly applied Culmann bank stability relationship for planar failures (Taylor, 1948;Thorne, 1982).…”

Section: Bank Erosion Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these processes are generally less influential than other failure and erosion mechanisms, they may be significant under certain conditions (Cancienne et al, 2008;Prosser et al, 2000). However, they are dependent on very different physical processes.…”

Section: Limitations Of This Study and Bstemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lawler (1995) suggests that scale is an important driver in principal bank erosion processes, with subaerial erosion, fluvial erosion, and mass wasting dominant in the headwaters, mid-basin region, and lower reaches, respectively. This is supported by studies in which subaerial erosion has been shown to be important in small watersheds (Harden and Foster, 2009;Prosser et al, 2000). BSTEM would likely not perform well in areas where subaerial erosion dominates or significantly influences other erosive processes.…”

Section: Limitations Of This Study and Bstemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant roots and thick grass assemblages have been shown to significantly increase bank material resistance and even completely prevent fluvial erosion (Pollen-Bankhead and Simon, 2010;Prosser et al, 2000;Smith, 1976). Vegetation increases roughness and deflects flow, limiting the shear stress experienced by the bank material (Thorne, 1990).…”

Section: Limitations Of This Study and Bstemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading

Lammers

Bledsoe

Langendoen

2016

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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UNCERTAINTY AND SENSITIVITY IN A BANK STABILITY MODEL: IMPLICATIONS FOR ESTIMATING PHOSPHORUS LOADINGEutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is one of the most pressing water quality concerns in the U.S. and around the world. Bank erosion has been largely overlooked as a source of nutrient loading, despite field studies demonstrating that this source can account for the majority of the total phosphorus budget of a watershed. Substantial effort has been made to develop mechanistic models to predict bank erosion and instability in stream systems; however, these models do not account for inherent natural variability in input values. Providing only single output values with no quantification of associated uncertainty can complicate management decisions focused on reducing bank erosion and nutrient loading to streams. To address this issue, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses were performed on the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), a mechanistic model developed by the USDA-ARS that simulates both mass wasting (stability) and fluvial erosion of streambanks. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that variable influence on model output can vary depending on assumed input distributions.Generally, bank height, soil cohesion, and plant species were found to be most influential in determining stability of clay (cohesive) banks. In addition to these three inputs, groundwater elevation, stream stage, and bank angle were also identified as important in sand (non-cohesive) banks. Slope and bank height are the dominant variables in fluvial erosion modeling, while erodibility and critical shear stress are relatively unimportant. However, the threshold effect of critical shear stress (determining whether erosion occurs) was not explicitly accounted for, ii possibly explaining the relatively low sensitivity indices for this variable. Model output distributions of sediment and phosphorus loading rates corresponded well to ranges published in the literature, helping validate both model performance and selected ranges of input values. In addition, a probabilistic modeling approach was applied to data from a watershed-scale sediment and phosphorus loading study on the Missisquoi River, Vermont to quantify uncertainty associated with these published results. While our estimates indicated that bank erosion was likely a significant source of sediment and phosphorus to the watershed in question, the uncertainty associated with these predictions indicates that they should probably be considered order of magnitude estimates only.iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Monitoring and numerical modelling of riverbank erosion processes: a case study along the Cecina River (central Italy)

Luppi

Rinaldi

Teruggi

et al. 2008

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Riverbank retreat along a bend of the Cecina River, Tuscany (central Italy) was monitored across a near annual cycle (autumn 2003 to summer 2004) with the aim of better understanding the factors influencing bank changes and processes at a seasonal scale. Seven flow events occurred during the period of investigation, with the largest having an estimated return period of about 1·5 years. Bank simulations were performed by linking hydrodynamic, fluvial erosion, groundwater flow and bank stability models, for the seven flow events, which are representative of the typical range of hydrographs that normally occur during an annual cycle. The simulations allowed identification of (i) the time of onset and cessation of mass failure and fluvial erosion episodes, (ii) the contributions to total bank retreat made by specific fluvial erosion and mass-wasting processes, and (iii) the causes of retreat. The results show that the occurrence of bank erosion processes (fluvial erosion, slide failure, cantilever failure) and their relative dominance differ significantly for each event, depending on seasonal hydrological conditions and initial bank geometry. Due to the specific planimetric configuration of the study bend, which steers the core of high velocity fluid away from the bank at higher flow discharges, fluvial erosion tends to occur during particular phases of the hydrograph. As a result fluvial erosion is ineffective at higher peak discharges, and depends more on the duration of more moderate discharges. Slide failures appear to be closely related to the magnitude of peak river stages, typically occurring in close proximity to the peak phase (preferentially during the falling limb, but in some cases even before the peak), while cantilever failures more typically occur in the late phase of the flow hydrograph, when they may be induced by the cumulative effects of any fluvial erosion.

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Bank erosion of an incised upland channel by subaerial processes: Tasmania, Australia

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

9 Modelling river-bank-erosion processes and mass failure mechanisms: progress towards fully coupled simulations

Uncertainty and sensitivity in a bank stability model: implications for estimating phosphorus loading

Monitoring and numerical modelling of riverbank erosion processes: a case study along the Cecina River (central Italy)

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