Bankarstvo u senci kao potencijalni faktor nestabilnosti finansijskih sistema

Abstract

Poslednju deceniju XXI veka, naročito nakon globalne finansijske krize, karakteriše intenziviranje procesa prelaska sa tradicionalnih bankarskih institucija na nebankarske institucije, odnosno na tzv. "bankarstvo iz senke" (shadow banking). Odbor za finansijsku stabilnost (Financial Stability Board-FSB) je definisao pojam "bankarstva iz senke" i time značajno doprineo identifikovanju osnovnih pokretača promena, koje sa sobom nose prisustvo nebankarskih institucija u segmentima tradicionalnog bankarstva. Osnovni pokretači promena se mogu identifikovati u sferama: regulatornih zahteva, tehnološkog napretka i povoljnog makroekonomskog okruženja. "Bankarstvo u senci" je prisutno na tržištima razvijenih zemalja i ostvaruje natprosečne volumene ukazujući na njihov značaj. Iako su prema Zakonu o bankama Republike Srbije, banke jedine institucije koje se mogu baviti davanjem kredita i izdavanjem platnih kartica kao i prikupljanjem depozita, postoji verovatnoća da će "bankarstvo u senci" biti prisutno i na domaćem tržištu. U ovom radu biće prikazane karakteristike "bankarstva u senci", trendovi u kretanjima i analiza njegovog potencijalnog uticaja na stabilnost finansijskih sistema. Rad je namenjen stručnjacima iz oblasti bankarskog i finansijskog menadžmenta, kao i široj naučnoj zajednici koja se bavi pitanjem regulative oblasti koje su trenutno izvan dometa zvaničnih regulatornih organa (poput "bankarstva u senci").

Reshaping Banking Industry Through Digital Transformation

“…Also, the field in which new market participants, such as FinTechs, could seriously threaten major market participants would be the field of payments. The emergence of bitcoin as an electronical mean of payment redefined the regular functioning of payment and settlement systems, representing the possible alternative to traditional banking payment operations (Mirković et al, 2016). By increasing digitization in all spheres of life and changing people's habits, a new generation growing in the digital world expecting quick, simple, secure and easily accessible pay-per-click services, and that is the segment where small players (i.e.…”

Foreign Banks - Drivers of Efficient Development or yet Another Problem?

“…According to Kalas and Rakita (2017), when it comes to the efficient operation of banking organizations, the principles of liquidity and profitability are imposed as one of the most important principles of their operation. Mirkovic et al (2016) say that when it comes to regulatory requirements, it is necessary to emphasize that the main goal of introducing Basel standards (especially Basel III), and improve the quality of regulatory capital and strengthen capital requirements, as well as to shift the focus to share capital and stricter requirements. In order to understand business performance more precisely, experts from the banking sector have developed and designed many indicators.…”