Barbara McClintock's controlling elements: Now at the DNA level

Döring, Hans-Peter; Starlinger, Peter

doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90002-3

Cited by 125 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the sister chromatid substrate (SIS) model (Fedoroff, 1989;English et al, 1993), the Ds LE and RE from sister chromatids participate in an aberrant transposition event (Figures 2E to 2H). In contrast, in the single chromatid substrate (SIN) model (Doring and Starlinger, 1984;English et al, 1993), the aberrant transposition involves Ds ends on the same chromatid (Figures 21 to 2L). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Transpositions of Maize Double Ds-Like Elements Usually Involve Ds Ends on Sister Chromatids.

1995

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McClintock's analysis of chromosome-breaking Dissociation (Ds) elements in maize demonstrated that sister chromatids fuse at the position of Ds, forming a dicentric chromosome and an acentric fragment. In tobacco, Ds left and right ends e in direct orientation (that is, half a double Ds) are sufficient to promote Ac!ivator-dependent marker gene loss. We present here a detailed analysis of germinally inherited rearrangements promoted by "half double Ds" elements and a characterization of rearrangements that involve inversion of the segment between the Ds ends and/or deletion of a segment adjacent to the Ds construct. The results support a model in which chromosome breakage promoted by these elements, and presumably by double Ds elements, involves Ds ends on sister chromatids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant Transpositions of Maize Double Ds-Like Elements Usually Involve Ds Ends on Sister Chromatids.

1995

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“…We showed that the genomic locus that carries a Tsp element in one individual was empty in other individuals and conclude that Tsp elements are a new and different type of transposable element. Tsp elements lack two features common to most other transposable elements: Tsp integration does not result in the duplication of host DNA, and there are no inverted repeats at their termini, although short inverted repeats are present at a distance from the termini.Transposable elements have been well studied at the molecular level in a variety of organisms, such as Escherichia coli and other bacteria, maize, yeast, and various Drosophila species (3,8,10). In these systems transposable elements may often have a profound influence on expression of nearby structural genes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transposable elements have been well studied at the molecular level in a variety of organisms, such as Escherichia coli and other bacteria, maize, yeast, and various Drosophila species (3,8,10). In these systems transposable elements may often have a profound influence on expression of nearby structural genes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and unusual characteristics of a new family of transposable elements in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

Cohen¹,

Hoffman-Liebermann²,

Kedes³

1985

Mol. Cell. Biol.

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The transposable element family TU of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a higher eucaryote, has recently been described (D. Liebermann, B. Hoffman-Liebermann, J. Weinthal, G. Childs, R. Maxson, A. Mauron, S. N. Cohen, and L. Kedes, Nature [London] 306:342-347, 1983). A member of this family, TU4, has an insertion, called ISTU4, of non-TU DNA. ISTU4 is a member of a family of repetitive sequences, which are present in some 1,000 copies per haploid S. purpuratus genome (B. Hoffman-Liebermann, D. Liebermann, L. H. S. N. Cohen, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:991-1001, 1985). We analyzed this insertion to determine whether it is itself a transposable element. The nucleotide sequence of ISTU4 was determined and showed an unusual structure. There are four, -150 nucleotides long, imperfect direct repeats followed by a single truncated version of these repeats. This region is bounded at either side by -100-nucleotide-long sequences that are not related to each other or to the repeats. Nucleotide sequences at the boundaries of ISTU4-homologous and flanking regions in five genomic clones show that ISTU4 represents a family of sequences with discrete ends, which we call Tsp elements. We showed that the genomic locus that carries a Tsp element in one individual was empty in other individuals and conclude that Tsp elements are a new and different type of transposable element. Tsp elements lack two features common to most other transposable elements: Tsp integration does not result in the duplication of host DNA, and there are no inverted repeats at their termini, although short inverted repeats are present at a distance from the termini.Transposable elements have been well studied at the molecular level in a variety of organisms, such as Escherichia coli and other bacteria, maize, yeast, and various Drosophila species (3,8,10). In these systems transposable elements may often have a profound influence on expression of nearby structural genes. The elements can not only inactivate normally active genes but also activate silent genes or alter the level of expression of active ones. This report describes a new family of transposable elements, which we have named Tsp elements, in the genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The Tsp family was discovered because one of its members is inserted within a member of the TU transposable element family (9).A number of features of the TU family are relevant to an understanding of the present paper. TU elements are transposable elements present in some 400 copies in the genome of the sea urchin species S. purpuratus. This family was originally identified because one of its members, TU1, had integrated into a histone H2B processed pseudogene (12). Subsequent work has extensively characterized the TU family of transposable elements (9, 12). TU elements fall into several classes. A major class (-40%), of which TUl is an example, is rather uniform in structure. The elements of this class consist of several domains (see Fig. 1, upper panel). The termini of the elements are formed...

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“…The presence of these bacterial plasmid sequences allow the Ds element, designated Ds-r, to be rescued from the plant genome [47]. Since the size of Ds-r is 7.8 kb, it is larger than Ac itself (4.6 kb) or any well characterized Ds element (0.4-4.4 kb) [21]. Furthermore, almost 90~o of the element is non-homologous to the Ac element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transposition pattern of a modified Ds element in tomato

et al. 1993

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Several aspects of transposition of an in vitro modified Ds element are described. This Ds element, designated Ds-r, is equipped with bacterial plasmid sequences and can, therefore, be rescued from the plant genome. Our results indicate that the Ds-r element has a 'late' timing of transposition from T-DNAs. This feature of the element might be advantageous for tagging experiments because it leads to independently transposed germinally transmitted elements. Furthermore, it is shown that Ds-r transposition generates clusters of insertions, indicating that 'genes to be tagged' should be located in genomic regions covered by insertions.

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Barbara McClintock's controlling elements: Now at the DNA level

Cited by 125 publications

References 24 publications

Aberrant Transpositions of Maize Double Ds-Like Elements Usually Involve Ds Ends on Sister Chromatids.

Aberrant Transpositions of Maize Double Ds-Like Elements Usually Involve Ds Ends on Sister Chromatids.

Structure and unusual characteristics of a new family of transposable elements in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

Transposition pattern of a modified Ds element in tomato

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