“…One reason for the disparity between expected and observed cultural negotiating styles is that culture is merely one relevant factor in the intercultural negotiation equation. Other potential influences include alternatives to negotiating (Lax & Sibenius, 1986), pressures from constituents (Roloff & Campion, 1987;Turner, 1992), frame of reference (Putnam & Holmer, 1992), planning ability (Roloff & Jordan, 1992), argumentativeness (Keough, 1992;Roloff, Tutzauer, & Dailey, 1989), face concerns (Wilson, 1992), negotiator biases (Neale & Bazerman, 1985), and reciprocity (Putnam & Jones, 1982;Sawyer & Guetzkow, 1965). These vari ables may subordinate, override, or interact with the effects of culture, depending on context.…”