Bark stripping by moose on young <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> in south‐central Sweden

Faber, William E.

doi:10.1080/02827589609382939

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Carr. by red deer in western Scotland was more frequent in winter (Welch et al 1987) and bark stripping of Pinus sylvestris L. by moose in south-central Sweden was more frequent in April and May (Faber 1996). The percentage of bark and twigs in the rumen contents or feces of sika deer in southernmost Honshu did not show any seasonal change (Jayasekara and Takatsuki 2000;Ikeda 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crude protein and hemicellulose are common indices for evaluating forage quality in ruminants, and lignin is known as indigestible component (Itabashi 1998). The chemical analyses showed that bark is less nutritional because it contains relatively lower crude protein and higher fiber than the main forage (Faber 1996;Yokoyama and Shibata 1998;Ando et al 2003). Faber (1996) suggests that moose eat pine bark as roughage for proper rumen function.…”

Section: Why Do Deer Eat Bark In Summer?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nutrients in bark (starch, water, sugar and other components) are not convincing evidence explaining why deer eat bark (Gill 1992). Faber (1996) supposed the reason for bark stripping by moose in April and May was to ingest roughage for proper rumen function and/or to feed on a palatable food containing high starch and total carbohydrates. Oi and Itoya (1997) demonstrated that the bark of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don in plantations is easy to peel off in early spring when bark stripping occurs frequently, suggesting that the physical properties of bark affect the seasonal change in bark stripping and also affect the bark-stripping preference.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seasonal change in bark stripping in coniferous plantations showed that bark stripping is frequent in winter and spring (Welch et al 1987;Faber 1996;Oi and Itoya 1997;Ueda et al 2002). In Europe and North America, McIntyre (1972), Welch et al (1987), Miquelle and Van Ballenberghe (1989), Gill (1992) and Motta (1996) presumed that deer eat bark due to food shortages in winter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, deer debarking has serious effects on plant communities (Miquelle and Van Ballenberghe 1989;Akashi and Nakashizuka 1999). Bark stripping by cervids occurs worldwide: red deer, Cervus elaphus L., in Europe (McIntyre 1972;Welch et al 1987;Motta 1996) moose, Alces alces L., in North America and Scandinavia (Miquelle and Van Ballenberghe 1989;Faber 1996;Randveer and Heikkila 1996), sambar, Cervus unicolor (Kerr), in India and New Zealand (Khan et al 1994;Stafford 1997) and other cervids (Gill 1992;Parks et al 1998). Bark stripping by sika deer, Cervus nippon Temminck, occurs in both primeval forests and managed plantations in Japan (Kaji et al 1984;Oi and Itoya 1997;Yokoyama et al 2001;Ueda et al 2002;Ando et al 2003;Nagaike and Hayashi 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Why do sika deer, Cervus nippon, debark trees in summer on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan?

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Bark stripping by sika deer, Cervus nippon, causes severe damage to forests. The seasonality of bark stripping by deer and tree selection were examined on Mt. Ohdaigahara in central Japan. The chemical content and physical properties of the bark were analyzed. About 60% of all tree species suffer various degrees of seasonal bark stripping. Bark stripping is most intensive during summer when the deer's main forage, Sasa nipponica, is abundant, suggesting that bark stripping is not due to food shortages. The bark physical properties seem to affect barking selection among three coniferous species, but not its seasonality. The nutritive value of bark is lower than that of S. nipponica, which has high crude protein and hemicellulose contents in summer but an inadequate mineral balance in summer, suggesting that sika deer eat the bark either to balance the digestible nutrients of summer forage and/or to attain a proper mineral balance in summer.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Do Deer Eat Bark In Summer?mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Why do sika deer, Cervus nippon, debark trees in summer on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan?

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The proximity of rapeseed fields influences levels of forest damage by red deer

Jarnemo

Widén

Månsson

2022

Ecol Sol and Evidence

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1. Deer can show transitional use between agricultural fields and forests for foraging and shelter. Such transitional use may affect forest damage as nutrient balancing theory suggests that if deer ingest large amounts of nutrient-rich food, complementary browse, such as bark, may be required to balance the diet.2. We investigated the relationship between the level of red deer Cervus elaphus bark-stripping damage in 68 Norway spruce Picea abies stands and the presence of rapeseed Brassica napus fields -an energy-rich crop preferred by red deer -in the surroundings, hypothesizing that damage increases with decreasing distance to rapeseed fields. We also considered other potentially influencing factors, such as supplemental feeding, alternative forage availability, and deer use of spruce stands as indexed by a pellet group count.3. Spruce stands closer to rapeseed had a significantly higher proportion of damaged stems. The increased level of bark-stripping damage was not explained by a higher stand use of deer closer to rapeseed fields, indicating that deer increase their consumption of bark in order to balance their diet. Similarly, spruce stands closer to supplemental feeding stations had significantly higher damage levels. 4. In line with earlier findings, damage levels were negatively related to the amount of available browse in the forest. This emphasizes the importance of alternative forage for reducing the damage risk in forest plantations. 5. Our study shows that the availability of fields with nutrient-rich food, such as rapeseed, as well as supplemental feeding needs to be considered when predicting the level of forest damage. With a high availability of nutrient-rich food in the vicinity of forest stands, a higher damage level can be expected and counteractions could be taken such as increased disturbance, harvest or changed choice of both crop and supplemental feed types. These actions may also be combined with a push-pull strategy where the deer are steered to disturbance-free zones insensitive to damage and with alternative forage. The importance of alternative forage availability onThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

show abstract

Bark-Stripping Preference of Sika Deer and Its Seasonality on Mt. Ohdaigahara, Central Japan

Ando

Shibata

Sika Deer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bark stripping by moose on young Pinus sylvestris in south‐central Sweden

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Why do sika deer, Cervus nippon, debark trees in summer on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan?

Why do sika deer, Cervus nippon, debark trees in summer on Mt. Ohdaigahara, central Japan?

The proximity of rapeseed fields influences levels of forest damage by red deer

Bark-Stripping Preference of Sika Deer and Its Seasonality on Mt. Ohdaigahara, Central Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About