Barkhausen pulses and electron emission from 9.4/65/35 PLZT ceramics

Mixed electron emission from lead zirconate–titanate ceramics

“…One should note that these results are different compared to the results of other groups who reported true ferroelectric emission 1,4,5,6,11,16,18 or plasma emission. [13][14][15] Most studies have shown only one emission peak per driving pulse. However, our results showed two clearly distinguishable emission peaks per driving pulse.…”

“…[13][14][15] However, this mode of emission damages the ceramic surface after only a few minutes of operation. 13 This is detrimental for reliable application or fundamental measurements.…”

“…5,6,18 It was also mentioned that luminosity does not appear to correspond with emission current with or without an extraction field. 19 Comparatively, a high positive extraction potential on the electron collector results in a plasma emission mode; [13][14][15] under this condition the Child-Langmuir law applies. In addition, different electrode configurations have been used, including sputtered Au [10][11][12][16][17][18] and copper wire grids simply pressed onto the surface.…”

Peculiarity of Low Density Plasma-Assisted Charge Emission Produced at LATGS Crystal Surface

“…About twenty years later, electron current with density of the order of a few Acm −2 was produced on PLZT ceramic samples subjected to the short (10 −7 s) negative HV pulse (Gundel et al [12]). During the last two decades, mainly PZT-and BaTiO 3 -based ceramic samples with selected composition and polarization state [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and even TGS single crystals [22] were examined under different experimental conditions because of their possible application as cold cathodes in different areas of technology, for example in vacuum electronics, accelerators, plasma sources, lasers, triggering systems, etc. It should be stated that for the most of strong electron emission experiments, the sample studied were subjected to the pulse (10 −7 − 10 −6 s) electric field exceeding 10 4 V/cm and only in some experiments the pulse duration was as long as 10 −3 s [22].…”

Energy distribution of plasma-assisted electron and ion emission from TGS single crystals

“…Later, many research groups at laboratories all over the world have investigated these high density electron emission phenomena because of their potential applications in different areas of technology, for example in vacuum electronics as a new type of cold cathode. For these purposes many kinds of perovskite oxidebased ceramic samples with selected composition and phase sequences were examined under different experimental conditions [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Two points of view on this high density electron emission are presented in available literature, i.e., fast polarization reversal induced electron emission and/or plasma-assisted electron emission.…”