The development of luminescent, non-toxic and biocompatible nanosensors are being used for marker and imaging of cells in cellular biology and ultrasensitive immunoassays. In this work, biological markers based on rare earths for detection of 17 β-estradiol (E2), in biological fluids (Plasmon), were studied. The precursor complexes based on rare earths (Eu 3+ and Tb 3+) were synthesized and characterized. The complex containing tta Eu 3+ and secondary ligand-TOPO-[Eu(tta) 3 (TOPO) 2 ] registered the highest luminescence efficiency among all other compounds studied and was chosen as luminescent probe for the following development stages of this work. This complex was doped into polymer matrices, PMMA and PHB, at different concentrations of doping by two different methods: cryoscopic nanoprecipitation and emulsion-diffusion technique. The PMMA polymer nanoparticles demonstrated higher luminescence efficiency when doped with 5% concentration of the precursor complex [Eu(tta)3(TOPO)2]. These nanoparticles were functionalized with 1,6 diaminohexane and later they were linked to a dialdehyde that will serve as a bridge in the reaction with the biological entities. These nanoparticles were functionalized with 1,6 diaminohexane and later they were linked to a dialdehyde that can serve as a bridge in the reaction with the biological entities. Due to the energy transfer Ac-Ac/nanosensor, the PHB polymeric nanoparticles showed higher luminescence intensity signal for the detection of 17-βestradiol by spectrofluorimetry. It can be concluded that the nanoparticles produced and tested in this work are strong candidates for the detection of 17β-estradiol in the blood plasma or others biological entities, presenting diagnostic options, an extremely important conduct for therapeutic direction. i LISTA DE FIGURAS FIGURA 1.1-A escala métrica de elementos naturais e dos produzidos pelo homem_________________________________________________________3 FIGURA 3.1-Tabela periódica dos elementos__________________________8 FIGURA 3.2-Representação esquemática (qualitativa) do mecanismo de transferência de energia entre um ligante orgânico e o íon Eu 3+ (CI= Conversão Interna/ CIS= Cruzamento Intersistema/ TE= Transferência de Energia)_____19 FIGURA 3.3-Diagrama de Energia dos íons TR 3+ obtidos a partir de cristais de LaF 3 __________________________________________________________21 FIGURA 3.4-Fórmulas estruturais dos ânions β-dicetonatos ACAC, TTA e DBM__________________________________________________________25 FIGURA 3.5-Estrutura molecular dos ligantes fosfinóxidos: Trifenilfosfinóxido (TPPO) e Tri-n-octilfosfinóxido(TOPO)_______________________________27 FIGURA 3.6-Estrutura molecular do precursor 2-(o-hidroxifenóxi)etil éter e do dibenzo-[18]-coroa-6_____________________________________________27 ii FIGURA 3.7-Estruturas de Éteres Coroa comuns (em destaque: DB18C6 e 18C6)_________________________________________________________29 FIGURA 3.8-Produção mundial de terras raras dos principais países produtores____________________________...