Barrier disruption, dehydration and inflammation: Investigation of the vicious circle underlying dry skin

Abstract

Objective: Many endogenous or exogenous factors, isolated or combined, can trigger dry skin disorder, leading to a water/lipids-depleted stratum corneum concomitant with uncomfortable rough and scaly skin surface. In a defensive reaction, the alteration of the skin barrier stimulates the production of cytokines to initiate homeostasis restoration but this can also induce an inflammatory response that further weakens the barrier. The two phenomena intertwining one another lead to the creation of a vicious circle, here called Inflamm'dryness, that maintains dry skin state. It is thus very important to investigate biological mechanisms involved in Inflamm'dryness to better manage dry skin.Methods: A 3D model mimicking dry skin has been developed. Adjustment of tape stripping level allowed to reproduce skin barrier alterations and resulting inflammation involved in dry skin. The effect of Helichrysum stoechas extract on this downward spiral was then investigated to validate the concept.Results: Tape-stripping permitted to successively remove the cell layers of the stratum corneum: the barrier function was altered and skin was inflamed creating a vicious circle, mimicking very dry skin prone to Inflamm'dryness. Helichrysum stoechas extract was not only able to resolve inflammation but also to reverse concurrently adverse tape-stripping effects and imparted significant structural and functional recovery of the barrier (e.g. on NMF and ceramides levels, TEWL, tissue organization). Conclusion: This 3D model reproduces Inflamm'dryness vicious circle presentin dry skin and highlights the importance of breaking this process to improve dry skin conditions. Helichrysum stoechas extract is a promising active ingredient for the management of dry skin.

Inhibition of Photoaging by Anthocyanin Metabolites Derived from Rose Petal Extract

“…[ 32–34 ] Furthermore, cytokines that maintain skin homeostasis are secreted from disrupted skin barriers, and the secreted cytokines cause skin inflammation. [ 35 ] In this study, oral administration of RPE restored skin hydration, sebum content, and hyaluronic acid content while reducing TEWL levels in UVB‐irradiated dorsal skin tissues (Figure 2c,d). Additionally, oral administration of RPE led to the inhibition of cytokine levels, which are typically secreted by ROS or disruption of the skin barrier (Figure 3b).…”

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammation and Antiaging Activities of Artocarpus altilis Methanolic Extract on Urban Particulate Matter-Induced HaCaT Keratinocytes Damage

“…Skin barrier proteins are closely related to the barrier function, including skin integrity, mechanical resistance, stability and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) [ 3 ]. Skin barrier dysfunction and impairment of skin hydration have been considered the major reasons for the pathogenesis of various skin problems such as atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, premature aging and delayed wound healing [ 6 , 36 , 37 ]. Cells exposed to PM produce a large amount of TNF-α and triggered the release of cytokines due to TNF-α binding to TNFR1 [ 38 ].…”

“…Normal skin barrier function provided enough skin integrity and maintained skin hydration and defense against extrinsic substances, such as environmental allergens, UV rays and pollutants. Stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of the skin, which may be disrupted by oxidation and prolonged inflammation [ 6 ]. A previous study indicated that chronic exposure to PM potentially triggered excessive oxidative stress and inflammation behavior [ 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Lokaltherapie im Kindesalter

“…B. Atopische Dermatitis) oder bei wiederkehrender Belastung der Haut durch exogene irritative Noxen (z. B. Windelbereich) 11 , 12 . Bestandteil dieser Basistherapie sollten neben einer lipophilen Phase, möglichst mit anteilig bipolaren Lipiden (z.…”