Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR): A Focus on Recent Advances in Collagen Membranes

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has become a clinically standard modality for the treatment of localized jawbone defects. Barrier membranes play an important role in this process by preventing soft tissue invasion outgoing from the mucosa and creating an underlying space to support bone growth. Different membrane types provide different biological mechanisms due to their different origins, preparation methods and structures. Among them, collagen membranes have attracted great interest due to their excellent biological properties and desired bone regeneration results to non-absorbable membranes even without a second surgery for removal. This work provides a comparative summary of common barrier membranes used in GBR, focusing on recent advances in collagen membranes and their biological mechanisms. In conclusion, the review article highlights the biological and regenerative properties of currently available barrier membranes with a particular focus on bioresorbable collagen-based materials. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of these biomaterials are highlighted, and possible improvements for future material developments are summarized.

Analyses of the Cellular Interactions between the Ossification of Collagen-Based Barrier Membranes and the Underlying Bone Defects

“…Altogether, the present study substantiates in more detail the already widely suspected correlations between the two classes of materials [ 3 , 27 , 54 ]. Thereby, the correlations also show clear interactions between the pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses to the biomaterials as well as the processes of implant bed vascularization and material-supported bone growth.…”

“…This is mainly based on the fact that bioresorbable membranes prevent secondary surgery for removal. In this context, barrier functionality is still the main purpose of these medical devices in order to enable undisturbed bone-healing without potentially hindering effects outgoing from the soft tissue [ 3 ]. Thus, the application of an ideal barrier membrane must allow for the desired clinical regenerative outcome, which is bone regeneration for a following implant insertion.…”

“…Thus, the application of an ideal barrier membrane must allow for the desired clinical regenerative outcome, which is bone regeneration for a following implant insertion. Interestingly, other (desired) requirements have been postulated in recent years, especially features of resorbable collagen-based barrier membranes alongside barrier functionality [ 3 ]. Among other things, a barrier membrane should “actively” support the process of bone-healing.…”

Alveolar bone augmentation using autogenous bone block graft in anterior mandible: A case report

“…GBR can be done to increase the alveolar bone height and width to enhance the outcome of implant placement (Chavda and Levin, 2018;Esposito et al, 2009). Different surgical techniques have been proposed in the literature including type of graft and membrane used as well (Chavda and Levin, 2018;Esposito et al, 2009;Ren et al, 2022). The aim of the present study is to show a joint vertical and horizontal ridge augmentation with autogenous bone block graft and guided bone regeneration in the anterior of the mandible to enable implant placement.…”

Cell-derived ECM loaded electrospun Polycaprolactone/Chitosan nanofibrous scaffolds for periodontal regeneration

“…Current bone grafts mainly serve as a structure for regeneration processes to occur, thus lacking osteoinductivity and osseointegration properties, which are essential for achieving successful bone regeneration [4]. Current GTR membranes have limitations such as low attachment to the adjacent tissues, which can lead to an early exposure of the defect site and allow bacteria infiltration; lack of antibacterial properties and, like bone grafts, poor ability to enhance the regeneration of all the periodontal tissues [5][6][7]. Alternative strategies to treat periodontitis that lead to a coordinated regeneration of all periodontal tissues are needed to improve clinical outcomes.…”