Barrier pressure at the gastroesophageal junction in anesthetized dogs

Abstract

Barrier pressure in anesthetized dogs is highly variable and influenced by body position. This is most likely the result of anatomic interrelationships between the diaphragm, stomach, and terminal portion of the esophagus. Gastropexy also increases barrier pressure in the immediate postoperative period, which may be clinically relevant in terms of understanding how resolution of gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with hiatal hernia may be affected by gastropexy combined with hernia reduction.

Prevalence of and risk factors for intraoperative gastroesophageal reflux and postanesthetic vomiting and diarrhea in dogs undergoing general anesthesia

“…In the current study, orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery had longer anesthetic times and more changes in body position than abdominal surgeries. The final multivariate model showed that changes in position during surgery predisposed dogs to GER, and this was in disagreement with the data reported by Pratschke et al 36 in which dogs in sternal recumbency were more likely to experience GER. This difference might be explained by the fact that sternal recumbency may be related to procedures that require more changes in position.…”

Effect of endogenous progesterone and oestradiol-17β on the incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux and on the barrier pressure during general anaesthesia in the female dog

“…When the transducer was considered to be in the stomach, the protective tube was withdrawn leaving the catheter unsleeved. The presence of the transducer in the stomach was verified by detecting positive respiratory deflections on the pressure recording (Waterman & Hashim 1991; Pratschke et al. 2001).…”

Influence of metoclopramide on gastroesophageal reflux in anesthetized dogs

“…14,15 Measurement of esophageal pH is considered the criterion-referenced standard when investigating GER in people. 2,4 Gastroesophageal reflux developed during anesthesia in 5% of healthy people in 1 study 16 and in 8 of 50 (16%) people in another study. 10 Gastroesophageal reflux developed during anesthesia in 47 of 270 (17%) healthy dogs in 1 study 17 and 33 of 60 (55%) dogs in another study.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Relaxation of the GES is mediated by noncholinergic and nonadrenergic pathways 3 and develops with induction of anesthesia in dogs. 5 Many drugs used during anesthesia, including acepromazine, diazepam, morphine, halothane, isoflurane, xylazine, and atropine, reduce the tone of the GES.…”