Barriers to flexibility in the district energy-electricity system interface – A taxonomy

Impacts of Flexible-Cooling and Waste-Heat Recovery from Data Centres on Energy Systems: A Danish Case Study

“…Sector coupling opens up opportunities for systemic flexibility [50][51][52], like the relatively recent vehicle-to-grid capabilities [53,54]. The synergy effects at the electricity-heat interface are well-documented in the Nordics [55][56][57][58], as extensive co-generation and district heating infrastructure permits to accommodate large fluctuations in VRE generation through flexible operation and storage. Analogously, similar effects are expected from integrating data centres into the electricity and heating sectors, given their significant use of electricity and waste-heat production.…”

Power-to-Methane to Integrate Renewable Generation in Urban Energy Districts

“…Currently, those systems are mainly centralised, where both the energy production and consumption are separated geographically and in terms of stakeholders as well. Future renewable energy systems, on the other hand, should be distributed so that citizens themselves self-produce and self-consume renewable energy locally [3]. However, the intermittency of renewable energy sources (RES) implies the need for storage systems to provide system flexibility and integrate RES excess [4].…”

A Double-Deck Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Energy Dispatch Strategy for an Integrated Electricity and District Heating System Embedded with Thermal Inertial and Operational Flexibility

“…With temperature feedback mechanism of district heating system (DHS) in mind, Xu et al (2021) discussed the potential of the integrated electricity and heating system to further accommodate wind power. According to 100+ literature review, the barriers to reach flexible district electricity and heating system are analyzed and characterized into different technology types (Sneum, 2021). Instead of a centralized control solution, Chen et al (2021) proposed a distributed coordinated operation strategy for a regional large-scale IEDHS to improve energy efficiency, which considers the thermal inertial of pipeline networks and different heating modes of buildings.…”