Baseline Characteristics of Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

Ciuffreda

et al. 2017

Self Cite

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopigenic Activity Change and Its Risk Factors in Urban Students in Beijing: Three-Year Report of Beijing Myopia Progression Study

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

Ciuffreda

et al. 2017

Self Cite

“…43 In brief, students from elite primary and secondary schools in Beijing examined in the ophthalmology and optometry clinics were considered for enrollment. The detailed inclusion criteria were (1) children from elite primary (aged 6 to 12 years) and secondary (aged 13 to 17 years) schools in the inner city of Beijing; (2) best-corrected visual acuity of 0.1 LogMAR (log minimum angle of resolution) or better; and (3) willingness to cooperate and return for several scheduled visits.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…43 The school-aged children of BMPS were recruited from the inner city of Beijing, where children experience tremendous near work loads. In addition, besides the student's refractive error, the parental refractive error, a significant confounder for the children's myopia, was assessed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Work, Outdoor Activity, and their Association with Refractive Error

Optometry and Vision Science

Jhanji

et al. 2014

Self Cite

101

“…19 It is noteworthy that children from the HOMS were in the same age range as those in the BMPS and received vision examinations (e.g., visual acuity, ocular biometry, cycloplegic autorefraction) and questionnaires similar to those in the BMPS. 19,20 The aim of this study was to determine the age-specific refractive error difference (RED) between parents and their children and the risk factors for RED in the HOMS, and furthermore to compare the generational myopic shift between the rural and urban areas of China.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Generational Difference of Refractive Error and Risk Factors in the Handan Offspring Myopia Study

Gao

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

et al. 2014

Self Cite

Citation: Lin Z, Gao TY, Vasudevan B, et al. Generational difference of refractive error and risk factors in the Handan Offspring Myopia Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:5711-5717. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.13-13693 PURPOSE. To report the refractive error difference (RED) between parents and their children, and its risk factors, in a rural area of China.METHODS. Children (6-17 years) and their parents (36.2 6 4.1 years) from the Handan Offspring Myopia Study (HOMS) were enrolled. Cycloplegic autorefraction (cyclopentolate 1%, Topcon KR8800) of the children and noncycloplegic autorefraction of their parents were assessed. A detailed vision-based questionnaire was also completed. Refractive error difference was defined as the difference between the parental spherical equivalent (SE) and their children's SE. Generational myopic shift was defined as the estimated RED when a child would be 18 years old according to a prediction model. RESULTS.Three hundred fifty-six pairs of parents and 585 children were enrolled. The RED (median, quartiles) increased from À1.33 (À1.99, À0.98) diopters (D) in children aged 6 to 7 years to 0.81 (À0.16, 2.28) D in children aged 16 to 17 years. The children's SE was predicted to approach the parental SE at 14 years of age. Moreover, the children's estimated myopic shift would be 1.03 D. Multiple linear regression revealed that older children (b ¼ 0.23 D/y, P < 0.0001) and girls (b ¼ 0.24, P ¼ 0.01) tended to have a higher RED.CONCLUSIONS. In this rural Chinese population, the children's refraction was estimated to be similar to the parental refraction at 14 years of age. Moreover, the generational myopic shift was estimated to be approximately 1 D at 18 years of age. These data suggest that the generational difference reflects the increasing prevalence of myopia in the younger generation, which is likely due to changes in environmental exposure.