Baseline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 device production: Control and statistical significance

Keßler, J.; Bodegård, Marika; Hedström, Jonas; Stolt, Lars

doi:10.1016/s0927-0248(00)00264-6

Cited by 80 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…By using the multi-stage process, the ZSW demonstrated the highest cell efficiency of 19.6% (certified by Fraunhofer ISE) attained in an industrial inline process. The best mini-module efficiency of 16.6% produced by the University of Uppsala further establishes the high efficiency potential for co-evaporated CIGS [24].…”

Section: Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 64%

CIGS absorbers and processes

Niki¹,

Contreras²,

Repins³

et al. 2010

Progress in Photovoltaics

418

232

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The current status and future perspectives of Cu(In 1Àx Ga x )Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells and modules will be discussed in this paper. The conversion efficiencies of the state of the art laboratory-scale CIGS solar cells exceeded 20%, which are comparable to those of crystalline Si solar cells. The requirements on the properties of CIGS absorbers to achieve such high efficiencies will be described. The CIGS modules are already commercially available based on two major CIGS deposition techniques such as co-evaporation and selenization. The current status, problems, and prospects of co-evaporation and selenization will also be discussed. High-efficiency flexible CIGS solar cells with efficiencies similar to those fabricated on soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates have been achieved by developing a novel Na incorporation technique. Critical issues to demonstrate high-efficiency flexible solar cells will also be discussed.

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Section: Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 64%

CIGS absorbers and processes

Niki¹,

Contreras²,

Repins³

et al. 2010

Progress in Photovoltaics

418

232

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“…In fact, the 81Á2% FF exceeds previous thin-film records for this parameter. 10 Diode analysis of the J-V data 11 indicates that the improved FF is due to decreased recombination, not series resistance. The last three columns Table I compare series resistance R, diode quality factor A, and diode saturation current density J 0 for each of the devices of Figure 2.…”

Section: Device Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

19·9%‐efficient ZnO/CdS/CuInGaSe² solar cell with 81·2% fill factor

Repins

Contreras

Egaas

et al. 2008

Progress in Photovoltaics

2,002

1,049

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“…The solar-cell devices were fabricated on 1-mm thick sheets of soda-lime glass with molybdenum back contacts of 300 nm thickness deposited by DC magnetron sputtering, in accordance with our group's baseline procedure [11].…”

Section: Cigs and Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gallium grading in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar-cell absorbers produced by multi-stage coevaporation

Schleussner

Zimmermann

Wätjen

et al. 2011

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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This is an author produced version of a paper published in Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. AbstractWe investigate Cu(InGa)Se 2 thin films grown in multi-stage coevaporation processes and solar cells fabricated from such absorbers. Despite some interdiffusion during film growth, Ga/(Ga+In) gradients defined via evaporation-profile variations in the process are to a good part retained in the finished film. This indicates that the bandgap can be engineered in this type of process by varying the evaporation profiles, and consequently also that unintended profile variations should be noted and avoided. With front-side gradients the topmost part of many grains seems to be affected by a higher density of lattice defects due to the strong change of gallium content under copper-poor growth conditions. Electrically, both back-side gradients and moderate front-side gradients are shown to yield an improvement of device efficiency. If a front-side gradient is too wide, though, it causes strong voltage-dependent collection and the fill factor is severely reduced.

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Baseline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 device production: Control and statistical significance

Cited by 80 publications

References 5 publications

CIGS absorbers and processes

CIGS absorbers and processes

19·9%‐efficient ZnO/CdS/CuInGaSe² solar cell with 81·2% fill factor

Effect of gallium grading in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar-cell absorbers produced by multi-stage coevaporation

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Baseline Cu(In,Ga)Se2 device production: Control and statistical significance

Cited by 80 publications

References 5 publications

CIGS absorbers and processes

CIGS absorbers and processes

19·9%‐efficient ZnO/CdS/CuInGaSe2 solar cell with 81·2% fill factor

Effect of gallium grading in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar-cell absorbers produced by multi-stage coevaporation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

19·9%‐efficient ZnO/CdS/CuInGaSe² solar cell with 81·2% fill factor