Baseline survey of sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female bar workers in Mbeya Region, Tanzania

Riedner, Gabriele; Rusizoka, Mary; Hoffmann, Oliver; Nichombe, F; Lyamuya, Eligius; Mmbando, Donan; Maboko, Leonard; Hay, Phillip; Todd, Jim; Hayes, Richard; Höelscher, Michael; Grosskurth, Heiner

doi:10.1136/sti.79.5.382

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…7,25 During the course of this study, all persons were antiretroviral-naive. HIV-1 status was determined using 2 diagnostic HIV enzyme-linked immunoassay tests (Enzygnost Anti-HIV1/2 Plus, Dade Behring; and Determine HIV 1/2, Abbott).…”

Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor viral and host genetic polymorphisms can dramatically impact the biologic outcome of an epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response

Geldmacher¹,

Metzler

Tovanabutra³

et al. 2009

Blood

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Human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtypes A and C differ in the highly conserved Gag-TL9 epitope at a single amino acid position. Similarly, the TL9 presenting human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules B42 and B81 differ only at 6 amino acid positions. Here, we addressed the influence of such minor viral and host genetic variation on the TL9-specific CD8 T-cell response. The clonotypic characteristics of CD8 T-cell populations elicited by subtype A or subtype C were distinct, and these responses differed substantially with respect to the recognition and selection of TL9 variants. Irrespective of the presenting HLA class I molecule, CD8 T-cell responses elicited by subtype C exhibited largely comparable TL9 variant cross-recognition properties, expressed T-cell receptors that used almost exclusively the TRBV 12-3 gene, and selected for predictable patterns of viral variation within TL9. In contrast, subtype A elicited TL9-specific CD8 T-cell populations with completely different, more diverse TCRBV genes and did not select for viral variants. Moreover, TL9 variant cross-recognition properties were extensive in B81 ؉ subjects but limited in B42 ؉ subjects. Thus, minor viral and host genetic polymorphisms can dramatically alter the immunologic and virologic outcome of an epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response. (Blood. 2009;114: 1553-1562)

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Section: Study Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor viral and host genetic polymorphisms can dramatically impact the biologic outcome of an epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response

Geldmacher¹,

Metzler

Tovanabutra³

et al. 2009

Blood

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“…The lowest prevalences, ranging from 9% to 35%, are observed in the younger age groups and among healthy blood donors, while patients attending STD clinics show the highest prevalences, ranging from 66% to 87% (22,24,25). In general, the HSV-2 prevalence is higher among women than in men and increases with age (16,22,24,25). In this study, we defined the performance of two in-house-produced ELISAs, based on immunosorbent purified sgG-2 and mgG-2, as well as the FO-CUS2 assay and estimated the HSV-2 seroprevalence among blood donors and from an STD population presenting with genital ulcers in Tanzania.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mature Glycoprotein G Presents High Performance in Diagnosing Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Sera of Different Tanzanian Cohorts

Görander

Mbwana

Lyamuya

et al. 2006

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common sexually transmitted infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Glycoprotein G (gG) of HSV-2 elicits a type-specific antibody response and is widely used for serodiagnosis. gG is cleaved into a secreted portion (sgG-2) and a highly O-glycosylated mature portion (mgG-2). The performances of these two native immunosorbent purified antigens were compared in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format with a commercially available assay (FOCUS2) using sera from blood donors (n ‫؍‬ 194) and individuals (n ‫؍‬ 198) with genital ulcer disease (GUD) from Tanzania. Discordant results were resolved by Western blotting. The HSV-2 seroprevalence for blood donors was estimated as 42%, and that for the GUD cohort was estimated as 78%. The prevalence increased significantly with age for both cohorts and was higher among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals than among HIV-negative subjects. In the GUD cohort with a high HSV-2 prevalence, all three assays showed statistically similar performances, with sensitivities between 97% and 99% and specificities in the range of 86% to 91%. In contrast, among blood donors with a lower seroprevalence, the mgG-2-based ELISA presented significantly higher specificity (97%) than the sgG-2 ELISA (89%) and FOCUS2 (74%). Overall, the mgG-2 ELISA gave a high performance, with negative and positive predictive values of 96% for blood donors and a negative predictive value of 95% and a positive predictive value of 97% for the GUD cohort. We conclude that native purified mgG-2 showed the highest accuracy for detection of HSV-2 in patient sera from Tanzania and is therefore suitable for seroprevalence studies as well as in clinical settings.Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections are common and have spread worldwide, with a reported variation in seroprevalence ranging from less than 1% in children to more than 80% in selected adult populations (13,23,27). After primary infection, HSV-2 establishes latency in sensory ganglia, and after reactivation, HSV-2 can be transmitted by clinical lesions or via asymptomatic shedding (33,35). HSV-2 is sexually transmitted and is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in developing countries (1,8,22). The burden of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is high in sub-Saharan Africa, and a major problem is that HSV-2 infection facilitates transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It has been estimated that the risk of acquiring HIV is doubled for HSV-2-infected individuals (34), and HSV-2-positive patients present higher HIV viral load than HSV-2-negative HIV-infected patients (26). These data emphasize that identification of HSV-2-infected individuals is important not only for control of HSV-2 transmission but also as a strategy for HIV prevention.The definite diagnosis of HSV-2 infection is achieved by virus isolation (VI) or by the PCR technique using samples from clinical lesions. Both of these methods present high specificity, and PCR is the most sensitive. However, t...

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“…The approaches that permitted the successful development and retention of this cohort, as well as some of its social and behavioral characteristics, have been reported (18,35). Other pending reports from HISIS include descriptions of HIV-1 infection in the cohort and its parameters (M. Hoelscher, O. Hoffmann, et al, submitted for publication) and of other coinfected individuals who were also studied in substantial molecular detail (11; S. Piyasirisilp, S. Tovanabutra, et al, unpublished data).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Depth Analysis of a Heterosexually Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Superinfection: Evolution, Temporal Fluctuation, and Intercompartment Dynamics from the Seronegative Window Period through 30 Months Postinfection

McCutchan¹,

Höelscher

Tovanabutra³

et al. 2005

J Virol

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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) superinfection refers to the acquisition of another strain by an already infected individual. Here we report a comprehensive genetic analysis of an HIV-1 superinfection acquired heterosexually. The infected individual was in a high-risk cohort in Tanzania, was exposed to multiple subtypes, and was systematically evaluated every 3 months with a fluorescent multiregion genotyping assay. The subject was identified in the window period and was first infected with a complex ACD recombinant strain, became superinfected 6 to 9 months later with an AC recombinant, and was monitored for >2.5 years. The plasma viral load exceeded 400,000 copies/ml during the first 9 months of infection but resolved to the set point of 67,000 copies/ml by 3 months after superinfection; the CD4 cell count was 377 cells/l at 30 months. Viral diversity was evaluated with techniques designed to fully sample the quasispecies, permitting direct observation of the evolution, temporal fluctuation, and intercompartment dynamics of the initial and superinfecting strains and recombinants derived from them. Within 3 months of superinfection, seven different molecular forms were detected in gag and six were detected in env. The proportions of forms fluctuated widely over time in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, illustrating how challenging the detection of dually infected individuals can be. Strain-specific nested PCR confirmed that the superinfecting strain was not present until the 9 month follow-up. This study further defines the parameters and dynamics of superinfection and will foster appropriate studies and approaches to gain a more complete understanding of risk factors for superinfection and its impact on clinical progression, epidemiology, and vaccine design.

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Baseline survey of sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female bar workers in Mbeya Region, Tanzania

Cited by 71 publications

References 19 publications

Minor viral and host genetic polymorphisms can dramatically impact the biologic outcome of an epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response

Minor viral and host genetic polymorphisms can dramatically impact the biologic outcome of an epitope-specific CD8 T-cell response

Mature Glycoprotein G Presents High Performance in Diagnosing Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection in Sera of Different Tanzanian Cohorts

In-Depth Analysis of a Heterosexually Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Superinfection: Evolution, Temporal Fluctuation, and Intercompartment Dynamics from the Seronegative Window Period through 30 Months Postinfection

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