Basic and Grade Stress for Some Timber in Sarawak

Ismaili, Gaddafi; Bakar, B.H. Abu; Rahim, Khairul Khuzaimah Abdul

doi:10.33736/jcest.92.2011

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Hence, the timber sticks were marked according to mechanical testing: static bending (MOR and MOE), compression parallel to the grain, and shear parallel to the grain. The most suitable method suggested in the literature for testing timber samples is using the defect-free or small-clear sample method [10,21,22]. The samples were prepared in accordance with BS 373 [23].…”

Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mechanical Strength Properties, Treatability Retention and Hazard Classification of Treated Small-Clear Fast-Growing Acacia mangium Superbulk at Different Age Groups

Yahya

Ismaili

Meekiong

et al. 2023

Forests

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The slow growth rate of primer species has affected the supply available to accommodate the market demand. To overcome these problems, a study was carried out to fully utilise fast-growing timber as the primary resource to ensure the demand for timber logs continues. This paper aimed to determine mechanical strength properties, treatability retention, and hazard classification of 7-, 10- and 13-year-old small-clear samples of Acacia mangium superbulk collected from Daiken Plantation Sdn. Bhd. Bintulu, Sarawak, following treatment with 10% copper chrome arsenic. As a result of this study, the maximum strength was obtained from the 10-year-old age group, with the modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE), and compression parallel to the grain values of small-clear treated Acacia mangium superbulk reaching 118.76 N/mm2, 15,020 N/mm2, and 57.82 N/mm2, respectively. In addition, the treatability retentions obtained were 149.27 L/m3, 147.25 L/m3, and 141.09 L/m3, which were recorded from the 7-, 10-, and 13-year-old samples, respectively. Meanwhile, the dry-salt retentions obtained from the 7-, 10- and 13-year-old samples were 14.93 kg/m3, 14.73 kg/m3, and 14.11 kg/m3, respectively. Hence, this species is classified as moderately difficult to treat under CCA (treatability retention: 80–160 L/m3) and is categorised under the hazard class of H4 (dry salt retention: 12–16 kg/m3).

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Section: Preparation Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summary of moisture content and mechanical strength properties results of untreated Acacia mangium[22].…”

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The Mechanical Strength Properties, Treatability Retention and Hazard Classification of Treated Small-Clear Fast-Growing Acacia mangium Superbulk at Different Age Groups

Yahya

Ismaili

Meekiong

et al. 2023

Forests

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“…The density of timber is understood to be relatively reflected the strength of timber, but it should not be the definite measurement of its strength [6]. Moreover, timber is homogenous material therefore, some physical testing had to be conducted to reveal and confirmed the timber strength group as identified from its density [7]. In the usage of timber for structural purposes, the strength properties of timber are of prime importance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Behaviour of Strength Properties of Fast-Growing Endospermum diadenum Species at Different Distance from the Vortex

Ismaili¹,

Roslani²,

Rahim³

et al. 2017

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The data performance for structural usage of highly engineered wood is very useful, however, the lacking of the data is very much concern for fast-growing indigenous timber species in timber engineering field. In correlation with that, the strength properties behaviour of Endospermum diadenum has to be studied to analyse the distribution pattern of strength properties at a different distance from the vortex also known as pith. The species have been obtained from the East Campus of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak's forest reserve. Strength properties test were carried out namely, static bending (modulus of rupture-MOR and modulus of elasticity-MOE), and the compressive strength (compression stress parallel to grain). Meanwhile, physical properties test was carried out namely, moisture content (MC) and density. Small specimens measuring 20 x 20 mm were tested in green and dry conditions in accordance with British Standard, BS 373:1957 (British Standards Institution, 1957). The green condition refers to moisture content greater than 19 percent and dry condition with moisture content less than or equal 19 percent. All the results that had been tested were analyzed using statistical analysis as mean results. The strength properties of specimen increased from the pith towards the sapwood in which the strength is the lowest at 25 mm from pith followed by 50 mm, and the highest is at 75 mm from the pith. Distribution of the basic density also increases slightly from the pith towards the sapwood with a significant increment in average mean value at 25 mm from vortex with 0.54 g/cm 3 , 0.62 g/cm 3 at 50 mm and 0.66 g/cm 3 at 75 mm from the vortex. Meanwhile, for dry condition, the increases in average mean value with 0.425 g/cm 3 at 25 mm, 0.427 g/cm 3 at 50 mm and 0.47 g/cm 3 at 75 mm from the vortex. It can be concluded that the physical properties of the wood have a direct impact on the wood stiffness and strength.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties Performance between Untreated and Treated with CCA Treatment at Different Age Groups of Fast-Growing Acacia Hybrid of Sarawak

Ismaili

Enduat

Yahya

et al. 2022

Forests

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An effort was carried out to fully utilise fast-growing Acacia hybrid usage in the timber engineering field; however, the research data are still lacking. This paper aims to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties performance between untreated (control) and treated with 10% copper chrome arsenic of Acacia hybrid collected from Daikin Plantation Sdn. Bhd. Bintulu, Sarawak at air-dry condition at different age groups using the small clear method. Mechanical properties test refers to shear parallel to grain (tangential and radial directions), cleavage (tangential and radial directions), and tension parallel to grain test. Meanwhile, the physical properties test refers to moisture content (MC) and density test. After treatment, mechanical properties increase with an average of 13.67%; meanwhile, moisture content decreased with an average of 0.58% or 0.09% MC, and density slightly increased with an average of 0.44% or 0.002 g/cm3. Results indicate that 10-year-old Acacia hybrid exhibits the highest strength values in shear parallel to the grain, tension parallel to the grain, and cleavage, followed by 13-year-old and 7-year-old. Treated samples in the tangential direction performed better with consistent mean results than that of the untreated samples, while radial direction gave a high average strength increment when treated.

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Basic and Grade Stress for Some Timber in Sarawak

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Mechanical Strength Properties, Treatability Retention and Hazard Classification of Treated Small-Clear Fast-Growing Acacia mangium Superbulk at Different Age Groups

The Mechanical Strength Properties, Treatability Retention and Hazard Classification of Treated Small-Clear Fast-Growing Acacia mangium Superbulk at Different Age Groups

Behaviour of Strength Properties of Fast-Growing Endospermum diadenum Species at Different Distance from the Vortex

Physical and Mechanical Properties Performance between Untreated and Treated with CCA Treatment at Different Age Groups of Fast-Growing Acacia Hybrid of Sarawak

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