Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Present in Epiretinal and Choroidal Neovascular Membranes

Frank, Robert N.; Amin, Rajesh; Eliott, Dean; Puklin, James E.; Abrams, Gary W.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)72066-5

Cited by 321 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Growth factors such as basic FGF can partially rescue retinal degeneration; however, the growth stimulatory effects on other cell types are problematic. 7,8,[10][11][12]30 Although further studies are necessary, in the light of our observations, we believe TFPI-2 can be utilized without such adverse effects in the treatment of retinal degeneration. Quantitative analysis revealed that the ONL thickness in the rTFPI-2-treated eyes was significantly more than the control eyes (Mann-Whitney U test; P ¼ 0.011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the retinal degeneration in an animal model is partly rescued by several growth factors, including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), presumably by inhibiting the apoptotic process. 1,2 However, these factors stimulate proliferation of fibroblast 3 and vascular endothelial cells, 4 and are involved in detrimental processes such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy [5][6][7][8] and preretinal or subretinal neovascularization, [9][10][11][12] suggesting that other compounds without the adverse effect of fibroblast or endothelial growth are necessary to achieve the establishment of pharmaceutical therapy for the retinal degeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal degeneration is delayed by tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in RCS rats and a sodium-iodate-induced model in rabbits

Obata

Yanagi

Tamaki

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the in vivo effects of tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI-2), which stimulates proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells, but not the proliferation of fibroblast and vascular endothelial cells in vitro, on retinal degeneration using a sodium-iodate (SI)-induced model in rabbits and Royal Collage of Surgeons (RCS) rats. Methods 79 mg of recombinant TFPI-2 (rTFPI-2) or vehicle alone was injected intravitreously to 18 eyes of 12 pigmented rabbits a day after 20 mg/kg of SI was intravenously administered. Retinal function was assessed 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after the injection by analysing amplitudes of the c-wave of a bright flash electroretinogram. Additionally, 10 mg of rTFPI-2 or vehicle alone was injected intravitreously to 11 eyes of RCS rats at both 3 and 4 weeks old, then the retina was examined histologically at 5 weeks old. Results The rTFPI-2-treated eyes in rabbits showed a significantly less decrease in the relative amplitude of the c-wave than control eyes on days 4 and 7. The thickness of the outer nuclear layer was significantly thicker and the vacuole in the photoreceptor layer was less frequently observed in the rTFPI-2-treated RCS rats than the controls. Conclusions Intravitreal injection of TFPI-2 rescues SI-induced retinal degeneration in rabbits and naturally occurring retinal degeneration in RCS rats at least partly. These results may suggest that this compound can be utilized in the treatment of retinal degeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal degeneration is delayed by tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in RCS rats and a sodium-iodate-induced model in rabbits

Obata

Yanagi

Tamaki

et al. 2004

Eye

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“…There is mounting evidence that increased VEGF expression is associated with and causes pathologic neovascularization in AMD and in animal models of AMD (Lopez et al, 1996;Frank et al, 1996;Yi et al, 1997;Baffi et al, 2000;Schwesinger et al, 2001;Grossniklaus et al, 2002;Ishida et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2003). VEGF is found in RPE in surgically excised human AMD specimens of CNV (Lopez et al, 1996;Frank et al, 1996;Grossniklaus et al, 2002).…”

Section: Vegf In Pathologic Neovascularization: Models Of Neovascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VEGF is found in RPE in surgically excised human AMD specimens of CNV (Lopez et al, 1996;Frank et al, 1996;Grossniklaus et al, 2002). VEGF has been localized to CNV in rodent models of laserinduced CNV (Bora et al, 2005;Yi et al, 1997) and genetically modified mouse models of CNV (Ambati et al, 2003).…”

Section: Vegf In Pathologic Neovascularization: Models Of Neovascularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease

Penn

Madan

Caldwell

et al. 2008

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

636

527

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Collectively, angiogenic ocular conditions represent the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. In the U.S., for example, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are the principal causes of blindness in the infant, working age and elderly populations, respectively. Evidence suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a 40 kDa dimeric glycoprotein, promotes angiogenesis in each of these conditions, making it a highly significant therapeutic target. However, VEGF is pleiotropic, affecting a broad spectrum of endothelial, neuronal and glial behaviors, and confounding the validity of anti-VEGF strategies, particularly under chronic disease conditions. In fact, among other functions VEGF can influence cell proliferation, cell migration, proteolysis, cell survival and vessel permeability in a wide variety of biological contexts. This article will describe the roles played by VEGF in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The potential disadvantages of inhibiting VEGF will be discussed, as will the rationales for targeting other VEGF-related modulators of angiogenesis.

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“…[11][12][13][14] In surgically removed CNV, an inflammatory reaction including macrophages and foreign body giant cells has been observed that may stimulate CNV growth. 15,16 Radiotherapy was suggested as a promising, noninvasive treatment option.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Results of radiotherapy of subfoveal neovascularization with 16 and 20 Gy

Hoeller

Fuisting

Schwartz

et al. 2004

Eye

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Purpose In a nonrandomized, prospective study the efficacy of radiotherapy with 16 and 20 Gray (Gy) for subfoveal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) was analysed. Material and Methods From 1996 to 1998, 63 eyes were irradiated with 16 Gy and 38 eyes with 20 Gy for exudative ARMD. A total of 12 eyes had classic ARMD, 89 eyes occult ARMD, median baseline visual acuity (VA) was 6/30 (range: 3/60-6/9.5), median age was 78 years. Risk factors (type of ARMD, baseline VA) were evenly distributed in both groups. Median follow-up was 1.3 years (range: 4 months-4.7 years). VA of 71 line or better and unchanged size and activity of the membrane in fluorescein angiography were defined as stable. Actuarial methods were used. Results Median loss of VA was À3 lines (range: À14 to þ 5), neovascularization remained unchanged or decreased in size and activity in 35 eyes. At 18 months, the probability of stabilized VA was 0.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3-0.5), at 24 months 0.3 (95% CI: 0.2-0.4). Radiation dose, type of ARMD or baseline VA had no significant impact on outcome of VA and membrane size and activity (P40.05). Side effects were mild and transient increased tearing. Conclusion In this study, the results after radiotherapy were comparable to the natural course of the disease. An impact of radiation dose (16 vs 20 Gy) on stabilizing visual acuity and subfoveal neovascularization could not be shown. The results of studies on dose escalation using very small fields and high radiation doses should be awaited.

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Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Present in Epiretinal and Choroidal Neovascular Membranes

Cited by 321 publications

References 21 publications

Retinal degeneration is delayed by tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in RCS rats and a sodium-iodate-induced model in rabbits

Retinal degeneration is delayed by tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 in RCS rats and a sodium-iodate-induced model in rabbits

Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease

Results of radiotherapy of subfoveal neovascularization with 16 and 20 Gy

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