Basic human values: Inter-value structure in memory

Pakizeh, Ali; Gebauer, Jochen E.; Maio, Gregory R.

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.04.007

Cited by 63 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It is activated when cognitive requirements are complex, and SMA activity is mainly driven by increased attentional and working memory load, not by response inhibition per se (Criaud & Boulinguez, 2013). This corroborates the results of our study, where cognitive demands including attention and self-reflection are likely to have been high and a 4-s response window allowed the completion of meaningful decisional processing (see Pakizeh et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Replicating past evidence (Pakizeh et al, 2007), paired-samples t-test showed that participants took (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Response Timesupporting

confidence: 71%

“…22 VALUE CONFLICT IN THE BRAIN putatively revealed by the brain activity. One alternative interpretation is relevant to our finding that, as expected, RTs were longer when participants were selecting a value which was more important to them as a guiding principle in their lives from pairs of congruent values as opposed to pairs of incongruent values, which was previously observed by Pakizeh et al (2007). The question arises whether these RT effects reflect a mere "distance effect", which is usually found in cognitive comparison tasks wherein participants are faster to compare items that differ more on a given dimension (Ogata, Horaguchi, Watanabe, & Yamamoto, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Therefore, in cases that contrast incongruent values, individuals tend to show a clear preference of one value over the contrasting one, so they experience less psychological conflict. Furthermore, even in cases where the preference is equivalent, there can still be more subjective conflict with motivationally opposing values than congruent values (Maio, 2010;Pakizeh et al, 2007). Consistent with these observations and rationale, we expected to see activation in brain regions associated with conflict processing in a situation of choice -when one value had to be selected as more important from two motivationally congruent values versus two motivationally opposing (incongruent) values.…”

supporting

confidence: 71%

“…It has been cited in over 50,000 publications used to help integrate diverse findings in studies of emotions, attitudes and behavior relevant to cultural psychology, intergroup behavior, personality, and political psychology (Boer & Fischer, 2013). Furthermore, supportive evidence for motivational interdependence between values as postulated by the circumplex model exists at the behavioral level (e.g., Bardi, Lee, Hofmann-Towfigh, & Soutar, 2009;Boer & Fischer, 2013;Maio, Pakizeh, Cheung, & Rees, 2009;Pakizeh, Gebauer, & Maio, 2007;Pulfrey & Butera, 2013), including evidence of genetic contributions (Knafo & Spinath, 2011;Schermer, Vernon, Maio, & Jang, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural evidence of motivational conflict between social values

Leszkowicz

Linden

Maio

et al. 2016

Social Neuroscience

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Replicating past evidence (Pakizeh et al, 2007), paired-samples t-test showed that participants took (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Response Timesupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

supporting

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Neural evidence of motivational conflict between social values

Leszkowicz

Linden

Maio

et al. 2016

Social Neuroscience

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Prejudice among egalitarians: The case of values and weight bias

Souchon,

Hanel,

Coutte

et al. 2023

Euro J Social Psych

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Many domains of research suggest that high favourability to social power and low favourability to egalitarian ideals predict more prejudice against other groups. In the present article, we describe theory and evidence suggesting that the relations between power, egalitarianism and prejudice may be reversed for one group: fat men. Using both implicit and explicit measures, we found across four studies (N = 602) that target gender moderated the relation between values and attitude toward fat people. For male targets, implicitly but not explicitly measured positivity toward power (over egalitarian) values predicted significantly more spontaneous positive attitudes toward fat (over slim) people. Further, implicit attitude toward power (over egalitarian) values predicted the time‐pressured decision to choose a fat male. Together, the implicit evaluation of values allows us to identify processes in inter‐group attitudes and behaviours that would not be possible to detect using explicit measures of values alone.

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“Who identifies with which group?” The motive‐feature match principle and its limitations

Riketta

2008

Euro J Social Psych

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The functional approach to identification suggests that people with a particular motive tend to identify with groups that fulfill this motive. Thus, identification should be strongest when individual motives and group features match. The present paper explores the predictive power of this motive-feature match principle. Participants judged themselves on five motives (self-esteem, distinctiveness, belongingness, uncertainty reduction, and power), rated several groups on features relevant to fulfillment of these motives (e.g., the group's power as to the power motive), and indicated their identification with each group. Although the most predicted Motive x Feature interactions on identification emerged, the overall fit between data and predictions was moderate. The reductionist nature of the motive-feature match principle is discussed. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Everyone belongs to numerous social groups, ranging from small groups, such as families or work teams, to large-scale social categories, such as nations, or ethnicity. Over and above this formal belongingness, some people even identify with some of their groups, that is, develop an inner bond to them. Identification, in turn, is relevant to behavior on behalf of one's group. For example, people who identify strongly versus weakly with a group exert more effort to achieve the goals of that group (e.g., Barreto & Ellemers, 2000;Ouwerkerk, De Gilder, & De Vries, 2000;Riketta, 2005;Worchel, Rothgerber, Day, Hart, & Butemeyer, 1998) are more likely to help other group members (Riketta & Van Dick, 2005;Tyler & Blader, 2001), are less likely to leave that group (Ellemers, Spears, & Doosje, 1997;Riketta, 2005), and discriminate more strongly against other groups (Aberson, Healy, & Romero, 2000).Given these behavioral implications of identification, it is important to know when and why people identify with groups. Previous research on the determinants of social identification has mainly focused on situational determinants, such as group status (Doosje, Spears, & Ellemers, 2002), self-esteem threat (Rubin & Hewstone, 1998), or uncertainty (Hogg, 2000. Although this research helps to predict what situations increase identification with a given group, it is not necessarily helpful when the goal is to predict who will identify most with that group. In this case, it is necessary to complement the prevailing situational, or social psychology, perspective on the determinants of identification by an individual difference, or personality psychology, perspective (e.g., Roccas, 2003).This has been done by the functional approach to social identification (e.g., Aharpour & Brown, 2002;Breakwell, 1993;Brewer, 1991;Correll & Park, 2005; e.g., Deaux, Reid, Mizrahi, & Cotting, 1999;Hogg & Abrams, 1990;Johnson et al., 2006;Sheldon & Bettencourt, 2002;Tajfel & Turner, 1986;Vignoles, Regalia, Manzi, Golledge, & Scabini, 2006). This approach rests on the premise that people identify with groups to the extent that these groups help them fulfill their individual moti...

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Basic human values: Inter-value structure in memory

Cited by 63 publications

References 34 publications

Neural evidence of motivational conflict between social values

Neural evidence of motivational conflict between social values

Prejudice among egalitarians: The case of values and weight bias

“Who identifies with which group?” The motive‐feature match principle and its limitations

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