Basins of the Rocky Mountain region

Baars, D. L.; Bartleson, Bruce L.; Chapin, Charles E.; Curtis, Bruce F.; Voto, Richard H. De; Everett, John R.; Johnson, Ronald C.; Molenaar, C. M.; Peterson, Fred; Schenk, Christopher J.; Love, J.D.; Merin, Ira S.; Rose, P. R.; Ryder, Robert T.; Waechter, N. B.; Woodward, Lee A.

doi:10.1130/dnag-gna-d2.109

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The modern Rocky Mountain basins (e.g. Great Divide and Washakie Basins) are products of post-depositional deformation that occurred during the Late Cretaceous through early Tertiary Laramide orogeny (Baars et al, 1988). Asquith (1970) used wireline logs to document that the Lewis Shale was deposited in a prograding shelf-slope-basin system.…”

Section: Geologic Setting Of the Lewis Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the concept of stratigraphic grade and applying it to stratal (reservoir) architecture and evolution of the slope-to-basin profile: An outcrop perspective

Pyles

Syvitski

Slatt

2011

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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Section: Geologic Setting Of the Lewis Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the concept of stratigraphic grade and applying it to stratal (reservoir) architecture and evolution of the slope-to-basin profile: An outcrop perspective

Pyles

Syvitski

Slatt

2011

Marine and Petroleum Geology

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“…This program is a backstripping method that includes decompaction and sediment removal corrections (see Sclater and Christie, 1980, for equations and derivations). The stratigraphic sequence (thickness data) for the Cerro Negro region was used to derive these burial curves (Baars et al, 1988). The thickness of Tertiary sediments that may have overlain Cerro Negro is uncertain, therefore a burial curve was constructed without significant unconformities that best fit the timetemperature history of these rocks in proximity to Cerro Negro.…”

Section: Geologic Setting and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kinetics of the Smectite to Illite Transformation in Cretaceous Bentonites, Cerro Negro, New Mexico

Elliott

1999

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--The thermal effects, as well as the survivability and origins of microorganisms in Cretaceous rocks, are evaluated from the timing and extent of the smectite to illite transformation in Cretaceous bentonites collected from cores outside the thermal aureole of the Pliocene Cerro Negro volcanic neck. Overall, randomly ordered mixed-layered illite-smectite (I-S) is the predominant clay mineral in these bentonites, and the K-Ar ages of I-S range from 36 to 48 Ma (21 analyses, two additional analyses were outside this range). Increased temperature from burial is thought to be the primary factor forming I-S in these bentonites. Kinetic model calculations of the smectite to illite transformation are also consistent with I-S formed by burial without any appreciable thermal effects due to the emplacement of Cerro Negro. In a core angled toward Cerro Negro, the percentages of illite layers in I-S from the bentonite closest to Cerro Negro are slightly higher (32-37%) than in most other bentonites in this study. The KAr ages of the closest I-S are slightly younger as a group (38-43 Ma; Average 41 Ma; N = 4) than those of I-S further from Cerro Negro in the same core (41-48 Ma; Average = 44 Ma; N 6). A small amount of illite in this I-S may have formed by heat from the emplacement of Cerro Negro, but most illite formed from burial. Vitrinite reflectance, however, appears to record the effects of heating from Cerro Negro better than 1-S. Tentatively, the temperature of this heat pulse, based on vitrinite data alone, ranged from 100 to 125~ and this is most evident in the CNAR core. The upper temperature, 125~ approximates the sterilization temperatures for most microorganisms, and these temperatures probably reduced a significant portion of the microbial population. Thermophiles may have survived the increased temperatures from the combined effects of burial and the intrusion of Cerro Negro.

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“…Stratigraphic data confirm episodic movement on the basement faults during the late Precambrian through Mississippian, as well as major fault movement during the Pennsylvanian-Permian (e.g. Baars and See 1968;Baars et al 1988;Thomas and Baars 1995;Thomas 2007b). South of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, a scattered array of intracratonic plutons with ages of 534 to 503 Ma (U-Pb zircon) and 664 to 427 Ma (K-Ar whole rock and min-eral) defines a northeast-trending, riftparallel, diffuse band (Fig.…”

Section: Ancestral Rocky Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Toward the north, brittle faults of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains diverge from the transform-parallel trend and diminish in magnitude (e.g. Baars et al 1988). …”

Section: Ancestral Rocky Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanism for Tectonic Inheritance at Transform Faults of the Iapetan Margin of Laurentia

Thomas

2014

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Transform faults along the Iapetan rifted continental margin of Laurentia offset the continental rift and/or bound domains of oppositely dipping low-angle detachments. Rift-parallel and transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems extend into continental crust inboard from the rifted margin. Ages of synrift igneous rocks, ranging from 765 to 530 Ma, document non-systematic diachroneity of rifting along the Iapetan margin. Synrift sedimentary accumulations show abrupt variations in thickness across transform faults, and some concentrations of synrift igneous rocks are distributed along transform faults and transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems. The greatest thicknesses of Cambrian–Ordovician passive-margin shelf-carbonate deposits are along transform margins and in continental-margin basins along transform faults, as well as along transform-parallel intracratonic fault systems, indicating anomalously great post-rift thermal subsidence along transform faults. Along the Ordovician–Permian Appalachian-Ouachita orogenic belt, a diachronous array of synorogenic clastic wedges fills foreland basins, recording tectonic-load-driven flexural subsidence of the lithosphere. The greatest thicknesses of synorogenic clastic wedges of all ages are consistently in foreland basins along transform margins and inboard from intersections of transform faults with the rifted margin, indicating systematically weaker lithosphere along transform faults. The distinctive and pervasive properties and behaviour of the lithosphere along transform faults in successive tectonic settings suggest fundamental controls on tectonic inheritance at transform faults. Recent models for continental rifting incorporate ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere beneath brittle extension of the crust; the domain of ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere may reach significantly inboard from the rifted margin of the brittle crust, accounting for rift-parallel extensional faults in the crust inboard from the rifted margin. A transform offset of a rift in brittle crust requires a similar offset in ductile extension of the mantle lithosphere, leading to differential ductile flow on opposite sides of the transform and imparting a transform-parallel distributed-shear fabric. Transform-parallel distributed shear in the mantle lithosphere provides a mechanism for brittle transform-parallel fault systems in the continental crust. Studies of seismic anisotropy show fast directions parallel with transform faults, indicating systematic orientation of crystals through transform-parallel distributed shear in the mantle lithosphere.SOMMAIRELes failles transformantes le long de la marge continentale divergente japétienne de la Laurentie décalent le rift continental et/ou les domaines accrétés en des décollements à pendages opposés faibles. Des systèmes de failles intracratoniques parallèles au rift, et parallèles à la transformation, pénètrent vers l’intérieur de la croûte continentale à partir de la marge de rift. Les âges des roches ignées syn-rift, entre 765 Ma et 530 Ma, témoignent d’une activité de rifting diachronique non-systématique le long de la marge japétienne. Des empilements sédimentaires syn-rifts montrent des variations abruptes d’épaisseur d’une faille transformante à l’autre, et des concentrations de roches ignées syn-rifts se répartissent le long des systèmes de failles transformantes et de failles intracratoniques parallèles. Les accumulations les plus épaisses de carbonates de plateforme de marge continentale passive se trouvent le long des marges de cisaillement et dans les bassins de marge continentale le long de failles transformantes, de même qu’au long des systèmes de failles intracratoniques parallèles, évoquant une subsidence anormalement forte le long des failles transformantes. Le long de la bande orogénique ordovicienne-permienne Appalaches-Ouachita, une gamme diachronique de prismes clastiques synorogéniques remplit les bassins d’avant-pays, attestant d’une subsidence par flexure lithosphérique d’origine tectonique. Les plus grandes épaisseurs de prismes clastiques synorogéniques à tous les âges sont toujours situées dans les bassins d’avant-pays le long des marges transformantes, et vers l’intérieur, à partir des intersections des failles transformantes avec la marge de rift, indiquant une lithosphère systématiquement plus fragile le long des failles transformantes. Les propriétés particulières et le comportement généralisés de la lithosphère le long des failles transformantes dans les contextes tectoniques successifs sont la marque de contrôles fondamentaux sur l'héritage tectonique des failles transformantes. Les modèles récents de rifting continental comportent une extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique sous l’extension cassante de la croûte; le domaine d'extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique peut s’étendre significativement vers l’intérieur de la marge de divergence de la croûte cassante, d’où les failles d'extension parallèle au rift, à l’intérieur de la croûte de la marge de divergence. Un décalage de transformation de rift de la croûte comporte un décalage du même genre de l’extension ductile de la lithosphère mantellique, ce qui implique un différentiel de flux ductile sur les bords opposés de la transformation, d’où cette fabrique d’extension parallèle à la transformation. L’extension parallèle à la transformation de la lithosphère mantellique fournit un mécanisme qui explique les systèmes de failles transformantes parallèles dans la croûte continentale. Les études de l’anisotropie sismique montre les grandes vitesses de propagation parallèles aux failles de transformations, ce qui indique une orientation systématique des cristaux induite par une extension répartie selon les cassures transformantes dans la lithosphère mantellique.

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Basins of the Rocky Mountain region

Cited by 23 publications

References 130 publications

Defining the concept of stratigraphic grade and applying it to stratal (reservoir) architecture and evolution of the slope-to-basin profile: An outcrop perspective

Defining the concept of stratigraphic grade and applying it to stratal (reservoir) architecture and evolution of the slope-to-basin profile: An outcrop perspective

The Kinetics of the Smectite to Illite Transformation in Cretaceous Bentonites, Cerro Negro, New Mexico

A Mechanism for Tectonic Inheritance at Transform Faults of the Iapetan Margin of Laurentia

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