Bat Influenza Viruses: Current Status and Perspective

Yang, Wenyu; Schountz, Tony; Ma, Wenjun

doi:10.3390/v13040547

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…We also found studies reporting serological evidence of IAV subtype H3, H5, H8, H9 and H12 in straw-coloured fruit bats in Ghana [60]. The H9N2-like virus is thought to be transmitted through the faecal-oral route which suggests opportunities for human exposure to this kind of virus through bat faeces and saliva on contaminated fruits [61,116]. The virological and serological detection of IAV in wild mammals highlights the risk that IAVs pose to many mammals, including humans, as their transmission dynamics and host ranges are unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kalonda

Phonera

Saasa

et al. 2021

Viruses

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We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and current knowledge of influenza A virus (IAV) and influenza D virus (IDV) in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa. PubMed, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library and World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE-WAHIS) were searched for studies on IAV and IDV from 2000 to 2020. Pooled prevalence and seroprevalences were estimated using the quality effects meta-analysis model. The estimated pooled prevalence and seroprevalence of IAV in pigs in Africa was 1.6% (95% CI: 0–5%) and 14.9% (95% CI: 5–28%), respectively. The seroprevalence of IDV was 87.2% (95% CI: 24–100%) in camels, 9.3% (95% CI: 0–24%) in cattle, 2.2% (95% CI: 0–4%) in small ruminants and 0.0% (95% CI: 0–2%) in pigs. In pigs, H1N1 and H1N1pdm09 IAVs were commonly detected. Notably, the highly pathogenic H5N1 virus was also detected in pigs. Other subtypes detected serologically and/or virologically included H3N8 and H7N7 in equids, H1N1, and H3N8 and H5N1 in dogs and cats. Furthermore, various wildlife animals were exposed to different IAV subtypes. For prudent mitigation of influenza epizootics and possible human infections, influenza surveillance efforts in Africa should not neglect non-human mammalian hosts. The impact of IAV and IDV in non-human mammalian hosts in Africa deserves further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kalonda

Phonera

Saasa

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…There are 16 H and 9 N antigens [ 1 ], and their different combinations result in 144 IAV subtypes (e.g., H1N1, H3N8, H5N2, etc.). In addition, further subtypes (H17N10 and H18N11) of influenza-like viruses have been found in bats, but they appear to be distinct from conventional IAVs in multiple aspects [ 3 ].…”

Section: Aetiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Frymus

Belák

Egberink

et al. 2021

Viruses

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In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease. Furthermore, cats are susceptible to experimental infection with the human H3N2 IAV that caused the pandemic in 1968. Several studies indicated that cats worldwide could be infected by H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human pandemic in 2009. In one shelter, severe cases with fatalities were noted. Finally, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 IAV can induce a severe, fatal disease in cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact. In this review, the Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, summarises current data regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and control of feline IAV infections, as well as the zoonotic risks.

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“…According to the latest research, avian and mammalian cell lines are susceptible to bat-derived influenza viruses, but their biological properties are still unknown. Both H17N10 and H18N11 subtypes can infect ferrets and mice, although their replication capability is at a low level [ 13 ]. There are only three combinations of HA and NA that circulate among humans: A/H1N1, A/H2N2, and A/H3N2 [ 9 ].…”

Section: The Evolution Of Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Influenza Viruses—Drug Resistance, Treatment Options, and Prospects

Smyk

Szydłowska

Szulc

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Viral evolution refers to the genetic changes that a virus accumulates during its lifetime which can arise from adaptations in response to environmental changes or the immune response of the host. Influenza A virus is one of the most rapidly evolving microorganisms. Its genetic instability may lead to large changes in its biological properties, including changes in virulence, adaptation to new hosts, and even the emergence of infectious diseases with a previously unknown clinical course. Genetic variability makes it difficult to implement effective prophylactic programs, such as vaccinations, and may be responsible for resistance to antiviral drugs. The aim of the review was to describe the consequences of the variability of influenza viruses, mutations, and recombination, which allow viruses to overcome species barriers, causing epidemics and pandemics. Another consequence of influenza virus evolution is the risk of the resistance to antiviral drugs. Thus far, one class of drugs, M2 protein inhibitors, has been excluded from use because of mutations in strains isolated in many regions of the world from humans and animals. Therefore, the effectiveness of anti-influenza drugs should be continuously monitored in reference centers representing particular regions of the world as a part of epidemiological surveillance.

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Bat Influenza Viruses: Current Status and Perspective

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Influenza A and D Viruses in Non-Human Mammalian Hosts in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Evolution of Influenza Viruses—Drug Resistance, Treatment Options, and Prospects

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