Batch-injection stripping voltammetry of metals in fuel bioethanol

Tormin, Thiago F.; Narciso, Laiz C.D.; Richter, Eduardo M.; Muñoz, Rodrigo A.A.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2013.10.038

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Detection limit values were lower than 7 nmol L −1 for cadmium and lead. Recently, Tormin and collaborators reported the use of a MFE coupled to a BIA system for the determination of cadmium, lead and copper in bioethanol . Aliquots of 1 mL of bioethanol samples (containing 95 % v/v ethanol) were directly injected onto a working electrode and the deposition of metals occurred simultaneously.…”

Section: New Electrode Materials To Improve Electrochemical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch‐injection Analysis Better than ever: New Materials for Improved Electrochemical Detection and On‐site Applications

et al. 2018

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Since the development of batch‐injection analysis (BIA) in 1990, the technique has been constantly upgraded, especially for electrochemical systems, including the creation of novel cell designs and association with new accessories to cover a wide range of applications. BIA systems have provided faster, portable, and more precise analyses. In addition, application of new materials as working electrodes provide improvement on sensitivity and selectivity, resulting in unique advantages for such analytical systems. This review focuses on the most recent advances of BIA systems, including the evolution of designs and materials used to construct BIA cells, with special emphasis to novel materials applied for improved electrochemical sensing. Modified electrodes with inorganic and organic nanomaterials on different substrates, including disposable platforms (screen‐printed electrodes and paper‐based devices) are highlighted. Boron‐doped diamond electrodes (BDDE), carbon‐nanotube and graphene‐modified electrodes have been combined with BIA systems for a wide range of applications that demand on‐site analyses.

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Section: New Electrode Materials To Improve Electrochemical Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch‐injection Analysis Better than ever: New Materials for Improved Electrochemical Detection and On‐site Applications

et al. 2018

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“…) in ethanol fuel permitted by Brazilian law [41]. There are no regulations for the other three metallic species.…”

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confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) in Ethanol Fuel Using an Organofunctionalized Modified Graphite‐Polyurethane Composite Disposable Screen‐Printed Device

2014

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A disposable screen‐printed device containing working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes is proposed for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) in ethanol fuel. The working electrode was printed using an ink modified with 2‐benzothiazole‐2‐thiol organofunctionalized SBA‐15 silica, in order to increase sensitivity. The performance of this electrode was compared with that of bare and SBA‐15‐modified electrodes. After optimizing the experimental parameters, the device was applied in determination of the analytes in commercial ethanol fuel samples, using 0.10 mol L−1 KCl/ethanol ratios of 30 : 70 (v/v), with [H+]=10−5 mol L−1. After 5 min of preconcentration at − 1.3 V (vs. pseudo‐Ag/AgCl), four well‐resolved signals were obtained, enabling simultaneous determination of the four analytes using a differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) procedure. The limits of detection were 0.30, 0.065, 0.030, and 0.046 µmol L−1 for Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II), respectively. The results of these analyses were in agreement with those obtained using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II), and high‐resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR‐CS‐FAAS) for Zn2+, at a 95 % confidence level. Analytes originally present in the samples could be detected, and the interference of some cations and anions was evaluated.

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“…Beyond the possibility of automation of the BIA system, the solenoid micro‐pump allows the fast electrode cleaning between injections of samples or standard solutions by electrolyte injection during the conditioning step. The conventional BIA system requires stirring during the conditioning step and longer time of potential application . The high injection rate provided by the solenoid pump facilitates the cleaning of the working electrode during this step.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solenoid Micro‐pumps: A New Tool for Sample Introduction in Batch Injection Analysis Systems with Electrochemical Detection

et al. 2017

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This work presents the use of solenoid micropumps as a new strategy for sample introduction in batchinjection analysis (BIA). The volume of solution dispensed on each pulse of the solenoid micro-pump (mL) is used as fixed and reproducible injection volume for BIA. In this system, the injection steps are possible in stopped flow mode resulting in low background noise levels, which would not be possible under continuous flow conditions and using solenoid micro-pumps. As a proof-of-concept, amperometric and square-wave voltammetric (SWV) determination of dopamine was demonstrated as well as anodic-stripping voltammetry (ASV) of metals. The micro-pump provided injections of 14 mL of solution per pulse at 512 mL s À1 over the electrode during electrochemical measurement. Moreover, fast injections of analyte or electrolyte were programmed during deposition or conditioning steps of ASV for analyte preconcentration or electrode cleaning. The proposed system improved limits of detection and sensitivity (2-fold), precision and sample throughput in comparison with traditional BIA due to enhanced mass transfer and consequent reduced dispersion of analyte, and possible control of injections without analyst intervention. This work opens new possibilities of applications of the BIA system, including on-line sample treatment (derivatization or dilution steps).

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Batch-injection stripping voltammetry of metals in fuel bioethanol

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Batch‐injection Analysis Better than ever: New Materials for Improved Electrochemical Detection and On‐site Applications

Batch‐injection Analysis Better than ever: New Materials for Improved Electrochemical Detection and On‐site Applications

Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) in Ethanol Fuel Using an Organofunctionalized Modified Graphite‐Polyurethane Composite Disposable Screen‐Printed Device

Solenoid Micro‐pumps: A New Tool for Sample Introduction in Batch Injection Analysis Systems with Electrochemical Detection

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