BaTiO₃–Bi(Li_0.5Ta_0.5)O₃, Lead-Free Ceramics, and Multilayers with High Energy Storage Density and Efficiency

Abstract

BaTiO3-based materials show great promise for energy storage capacitor but their low breakdown strength and high remnant polarization currently result in relatively low energy density. Here, we report a novel (1-x)BaTiO3-xBi(Li0.5Ta0.5)O3 (0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.12, BT-xBLT) leadfree ceramic with electric field (E) ~ 280 kV cm-1 , discharge energy density (We) ~ 2.2 J cm-3 , charge-discharge efficiency () >89% that is thermally stable up to 160 °C and with a fast discharge time (≤ 0.5 s). Multilayers of compositions with x = 0.1 also exhibited high We = 4.05 J cm-3 and = 95.5%, demonstrating their potential for energy storage.

Multifunctional barium titanate ceramics via chemical modification tuning phase structure

“…Figure 11C gives the distribution of W rec and η for typical lead‐free and lead‐based bulk ceramics. A similar W rec ceiling is observed in BT‐, 129,166‐190 KNN‐, 189‐193 and ST‐based ceramics 189,194 because of their similar electric‐field induced polarization. A larger W rec can be achieved in lead‐free BNT‐, 189,195,196 BFO‐, 189,197‐199 NN‐, 200,201 and lead‐based ceramics, 202‐204 due to the larger polarization or higher BDS.…”

“…Until now, the addition of Bi 3+ ‐based compounds is the most useful method to optimize the energy storage performance of BT ceramic by inducing the formation of relaxor state, such as BaTiO 3 ‐BiMO 3 , BaTiO 3 ‐Bi(M, N)O 3 , BaTiO 3 ‐(Bi, M)NO 3 , where M = Li + , Na + , K + , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , Ni 3+ , rare‐earth ions, etc. and N = Zr 4+ , Ti 4+ , Sn 4+ , Nb 5+ , Ta 5+ , etc 129,166‐189 . As we know, Bi 3+ has a lone‐pair electronic 6s 2 configuration, being analogous to Pb 2+ , which supports large polarizability under high electric field.…”

“…B1‐B3, Evolution of ε r ‐ T curves, P ‐ E loops, and W rec , W loss and η for BT‐based ceramics with the ferroelectric phase, relaxor phase, and crossover state between them. C, Distribution of W rec and η for BT‐, BNT‐, BFO‐, KNN‐, NN‐, ST‐, AN‐, and Pb‐based ceramics 129,165‐206 . D1, ε r ‐ T curves of BaTiO 3 ‐ x K 0.73 Bi 0.09 NbO 3 (BT‐ x KBN) ceramics at 1 kHz.…”

Bi2O3-Modified Ceramics Based on BaTiO3 Powder Synthesized in Water Vapor

“…Bismuth ions appeared to substitute barium in its positions uniformly over the whole grains of BaTiO 3 . This kind of Bi 3+ distribution was reported for BaTiO 3 -based ceramics with a comparable doping level [36,37]. Figure 6a shows the effect of the Bi2O3 additive amount on BaTiO3 ceramic density.…”

“…Bismuth ions appeared to substitute barium in its positions uniformly over the whole grains of BaTiO3. This kind of Bi 3+ distribution was reported for BaTiO3-based ceramics with a comparable doping level [36,37]. The changes of BaTiO 3 unit cell parameters with the increase in Bi-doping resulted in a complicated character which originated from the initial non-stoichiometry of the perovskite-type oxide (Figure 4).…”