Batteries to Keep Solar‐Driven Water Splitting Running at Night: Performance of a Directly Coupled System

Abstract

The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202100916.

Scalable Photovoltaic‐Electrochemical Cells for Hydrogen Production from Water ‐ Recent Advances

“…An integrated techno‐economic analysis (Figure 11e) indicates that the H 2 production costs of grid connected systems [30.41∼57.61 €/kg H 2 ] are much more expensive than off grid systems [6.23∼7.86 €/kg H 2 ] because the additional battery backup option (battery contribution is above 50 % in total price in Figure 11f) is considered in off grid systems for enabling continuous power supply [67] . Even though off grid systems have a considerable impact on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO 2 emission per kg H 2 production) [68] and have a positive effect on the STH efficiency as well, [6l,70] the total cost seems much higher than that of grid‐based systems. Therefore, further optimization studies on off grid based integrated systems need to be conducted especially in reducing the battery price.…”

Advances and challenges in the modification of photoelectrode materials for photoelectrocatalytic water splitting

“…However, the production of hydrogen as a renewable energy is technically challenging. 23 At present, a variety of processes have been developed through photocatalysis (PC), [24][25][26][27][28] electrocatalysis (EC), [29][30][31][32][33] and photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), [34][35][36][37][38][39] which use water as a source for hydrogen production and advanced materials as electrodes or catalysts. Electrocatalysis has been widely used in hydrogen production because of its high efficiency, strong adaptability, and easy automatic control.…”